Micro and Nanogels for Biomedical Applications

Can, Mehmet; Güven, Olgun; Şahiner, Nurettin

doi:10.15671/hjbc.810599

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 151 publications

(159 reference statements)

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“…Besides, the encapsulation of drugs in carrier matrices is known to reduce the toxicity and side effects of drugs, as well as decrease nonspecific cell interactions. Also, regarding the ratio of drugs initially taken to the body and the amount excreted/biotransformed during their metabolism, natural biomolecule-derived particle systems are expected to provide better therapeutic efficiencies with a lesser amount of drugs as the drugs are protected/encapsulated by these systems …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, regarding the ratio of drugs initially taken to the body and the amount excreted/biotransformed during their metabolism, natural biomolecule-derived particle systems are expected to provide better therapeutic efficiencies with a lesser amount of drugs as the drugs are protected/encapsulated by these systems. 78 ■ CONCLUSIONS…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemically Cross-Linked Poly(β-Cyclodextrin) Particles as Promising Drug Delivery Materials

Demirci

Khiev

Can

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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One-pot synthesis of poly(β-cyclodextrin) (p(β-CD)) micro-/nanoparticles was accomplished using two different cross-linkers, divinyl sulfone (DVS) as p(β-CD)-1 and trimethylolpropane glycidyl ether (TMPGDE) as p(β-CD)-2. High gravimetric yields of 84 ± 4 and 62 ± 6%, respectively, were attained for p(β-CD)-1 and p(β-CD)-2 particles. The p(β-CD)-1 and p(β-CD)-2 particles had spherical shapes with 5.09 ± 0.24 and 0.60 ± 0.01 μm diameters, respectively, and exhibited good water dispersibility at physiological pH, and their isoelectric points were calculated correspondingly to be pH 1.1 and 1.2. The surface areas of p(β-CD)-1 and p(β-CD)-2 particles were determined to be 4.76 ± 0.6 and 2.18 ± 0.2 m2/g, respectively. Moreover, p(β-CD) particles were found to be biocompatible with more than 98% cell viability on human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells at 0.1 mg/mL concentration. Also, p(β-CD)-1 particles exhibited 52.81 ± 9.5% Fe(II) chelation capacity at 1.0 mg/mL concentration. The hemolysis and coagulation tests revealed that p(β-CD)-1 particles possessed excellent blood compatibility with a 1.18 ± 0.60% hemolysis ratio and a 92.02 ± 1.02% clotting index even at 2.0 mg/mL concentration, whereas the safety limit of p(β-CD)-2 particles for blood interactions was determined to be 0.5 mg/mL. The in vitro drug release performances of p(β-CD)-1 and p(β-CD)-2 particles for hydrophobic acyclovir and hydrophilic vancomycin model drugs at pH 7.4 PBS showed sustained releases of 2.14 ± 0.34 and 1.34 ± 0.43 mg/g acyclovir and 51.90 ± 1.09 and 61.26 ± 3.71 mg/g vancomycin within 24 h, respectively. Kinetic modeling of experimental release data revealed the best fit for drug release from p(β-CD) particles mediated by the Korsmeyer–Peppas model.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemically Cross-Linked Poly(β-Cyclodextrin) Particles as Promising Drug Delivery Materials

Demirci

Khiev

Can

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…Moreover, p(L-Arg) particles had remarkable antioxidant activities with TEAC value of 0.66 ± 0.6 μM Trolox equivalent g À1 and also possessed potent antimicrobial effects against common microbes. Moreover, p(L-Arg) particles were shown to be useful as fast release drug carrier systems, the release modes of which can be steadily manipulated by adopting well-known chemical modification and drug loading procedures 72 and benefiting from the guanidinium group functionality in the side chain as well as amphiphilic amino acid structure. Consequentially, all these unique attributes of p(L-Arg) particles, including bloodsafe biodegradable, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and tunable carrier properties, endow these particles with attractive versatility for many biomedical applications.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Effect Of P(l-arg) Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

One step synthesis of an amino acid derived particles, poly(L‐Arginine) and its biomedical application

Şahiner

2021

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Herein, single step synthesis of poly(L-Arginine) (p(L-Arg)) particles was reported for the first time via microemulsion crosslinking method using tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride (THPC) as the crosslinking agent. The C-P vibrational FT-IR peaks of the p(L-Arg) particles observed at 1035 cm À1 as well as elemental analysis results corroborated the successful crosslinking of native L-Arg molecules with THCP. Spherical-shaped p(L-Arg) particles visualized by SEM analysis ranged 1-10 μm in size in dry state. The important parameters of p(L-Arg) particles affecting their biomedical potential use such as degradability, blood compatibility, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were thoroughly investigated. Accordingly, 49.2 ± 6.7%, 68.1 ± 4.8%, and 62.5 ± 7.1% of the p(L-Arg) particles were degraded at pH 5.4, 7.4, and 9.0, respectively, in about 200 h. The p(L-Arg) particles exhibited fascinating blood compatibility with less than 4% hemolysis induction and more than 95% blood clotting index at 2 mg/mL concentration. The antioxidant activity of p(L-Arg) particles was measured as 0.66 ± 0.06 μM Trolox equivalent g À1 by means of TEAC assay.Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of L-Arg amino acid against Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145, gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, B. subtilis ATCC 6633 bacteria, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 yeast strains was significantly enhanced in the form of p(L-Arg) particles. Furthermore, drug loading and release performances of p(L-Arg) particles were also investigated using naproxen and riboflavin as active pharmaceuticals. Based on drug release studies performed in PBS at pH 7.4, 73.9 ± 12.6% of loaded naproxen was released in 90 min, whereas 62.1 ± 4.6% of loaded riboflavin was released in 135 min.

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“…An ideal drug carrier should be able to target specific sites to release its cargo while evading elimination by the immune system. Although promising formulations exist, most of these do not meet all biological criteria [8], which justifies the need for further studies to develop improved nanocarriers. Polymerizable PEGMA macromonomers stabilize droplets of water-insoluble DEAEM (at neutral pH) to yield a series of core-shell nanogels with different characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of pH-sensitive nanogels bioconjugated with shark antibodies (VNAR) for targeted drug delivery with potential applications in colon cancer therapies

Manzanares-Guevara,

Gasperin-Bulbarela,

Cabanillas-Bernal

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. To combat this disease, novel and specialized therapeutic systems are urgently needed. This is the first study to explore a system that combines shark variable domain (Fv) of new antigen receptor (VNAR) antibodies (hereinafter VNARs), PEGylated nanogels (pH-sensitive poly(N,N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, PDEAEM), and the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to explore its potential applications in colon cancer therapies. Nanogels were functionalized in a scalable reaction with an N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-terminated polyethylene glycol derivative and bioconjugated with shark antibodies. Dynamic light scattering measurements indicated the presence of monodispersed nanogels (74 to 236 nm). All systems maintained the pH-sensitive capacity to increase in size as pH decreased. This has direct implications for the release kinetics of 5-FU, which was released faster at pH 5 than at pH 7.4. After bioconjugation, the ELISA results indicated VNAR presence and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) recognition. In vitro evaluations of HCT-116 colon cancer cells indicated that functionalized empty nanogels are not cytotoxic and when loaded with 5-FU, the cytotoxic effect of the drug is preserved. A 15% reduction in cell viability was observed after two hours of contact with bioconjugated nanogels when compared to what was observed with non-bioconjugated nanogels. The prepared nanogel system shows potential as an effective and site-specific nanocarrier with promising applications in in vivo studies of colon cancer therapies.

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Micro and Nanogels for Biomedical Applications

Cited by 5 publications

References 151 publications

Chemically Cross-Linked Poly(β-Cyclodextrin) Particles as Promising Drug Delivery Materials

Chemically Cross-Linked Poly(β-Cyclodextrin) Particles as Promising Drug Delivery Materials

One step synthesis of an amino acid derived particles, poly(L‐Arginine) and its biomedical application

Preparation of pH-sensitive nanogels bioconjugated with shark antibodies (VNAR) for targeted drug delivery with potential applications in colon cancer therapies

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