Micro- and nanostructures and their application in gas chromatography

Mittermüller, M.; Volmer, Dietrich A.

doi:10.1039/c2an35184f

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Specifically, nanotechnology-based phases have opened up countless prospects for applications in conventional as well as microfabricated separation columns with nanoscale controllability, simplicity, and flexibility. 12,13 Recently, carbon nanotubes 14,15 and thiol-encapsulated gold nanoparticles 16 have been utilized for gas chromatography (GC) separations. Our group has reported on the capability of thiol monolayers on electrodeposited gold surfaces as a stationary phase for microfabricated columns by combining nanofabrication and microfabrication techniques.…”

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confidence: 99%

Highly Stable Surface Functionalization of Microgas Chromatography Columns Using Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly of Silica Nanoparticles

et al. 2013

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A controllable and high-yield surface functionalization of silicon microchannels using layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly of SiO 2 nanoparticles (SNPs) is presented. The application of SNPs (45 nm average diameter) coating as a stationary phase for chromatographic separation is also demonstrated with surface functionalization using chloroalkylsilanes. This method facilitates a simple, low-cost, and parallel processing scheme that also provides homogeneous and stable nanoparticle-based stationary phases with ease of control over the coating thickness. The SNP-functionalized microfabricated columns with either single capillary channels (1 m long, 150 μm wide, 240 μm deep) or very narrow multicapillary channels (25 cm long, 30 μm wide, 240 μm deep, 16 parallel channels) successfully separated a multicomponent gas mixture with a wide range of boiling points with high reproducibility. B ecause of recent advancements and the emergence of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), energy-efficient integrated microgas chromatography (μGC) systems have attracted considerable attention. This system, upon complete realization, could expand the range of applications for real-time and rapid on-site analysis at a lower cost.1−10 As a key component in μGC systems, conventional meters-long separation columns are necessarily replaced with microfabricated silicon columns on the order of a few square centimeters. The separation ability and efficiency of the columns are directly related to the quality of the stationary phase. Using conventional coating techniques on microfabricated columns (e.g., dynamic or static coatings of functionalized polysiloxane polymers), especially for highaspect-ratio (HAR) rectangular-shaped capillary channels, present major challenges toward obtaining stable, reproducible, and uniform coatings. 11There have been progressive research efforts toward the development of coating techniques that yield chemically inert, thermally stable, selective, and robust stationary phases. Specifically, nanotechnology-based phases have opened up countless prospects for applications in conventional as well as microfabricated separation columns with nanoscale controllability, simplicity, and flexibility.12,13 Recently, carbon nanotubes 14,15 and thiol-encapsulated gold nanoparticles 16 have been utilized for gas chromatography (GC) separations. Our group has reported on the capability of thiol monolayers on electrodeposited gold surfaces as a stationary phase for microfabricated columns by combining nanofabrication and microfabrication techniques. 17,18The excellent adsorption properties of silica for organics has long been demonstrated as a stationary phase medium for conventional columns (silica gel, Celite) 19 and, more recently, by employing the MEMS-compatible sputtering technique for microfabricated columns.20 SiO 2 nanoparticles (SNPs), because of their small and uniform size, high surface area, chemical inertness, and thermal stability, are excellent candidates for stationary phases. SNPs have also been dispe...

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Highly Stable Surface Functionalization of Microgas Chromatography Columns Using Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly of Silica Nanoparticles

et al. 2013

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“…12 At the same time, a mini review article was published with the focus on the latest developments in the field of micro and nanostructures in GC, where their authors briefly discussed microchannels in micro GC. 13 Besides the review articles in this topic that concisely mentioned GC and its associated components on a chip, two book chapters also have been published up to now that discussed design, fabrication and characterization of chip-based gas chromatographs. 14,15 In this review, we wish to follow and investigate the development and the latest achievements in the field of chip-based GC and its main components (i.e.…”

Section: Z Talebpourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Through the years with on-a-chip gas chromatography: a review

2015

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In recent years, the need for measurement and detection of samples in situ or with very small volume and low concentration (low and sub-parts per billion) is a cause for miniaturizing systems via microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology. Gas chromatography (GC) is a common technique that is widely used for separating and measuring semi-volatile and volatile compounds. Conventional GCs are bulky and cannot be used for in situ analysis, hence in the past decades many studies have been reported with the aim of designing and developing chip-based GC. The focus of this review is to follow and investigate the development and the achievements in the field of chip-based GC and its components from the beginning up to the present.

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“…The preparation of the stationary phase of the proposed micro gas chromatograph (µ-GC) resulted, however, in relatively poor separation performance when compared with conventional GC systems. To improve this pitfall, the geometry of µ-GC columns is currently the focus of study (Mittermuller & Volmer, 2012). A recent article has revealed that a microfabricated serpentine geometry provides an improved separation performance when compared with circular- Figure 1.7 Photograph showing three different silicon-Pyrex ® microcolumn configurations tested: circular-spiral with 75 µm distance between channels (A), square-spiral (B), and serpentine with 100 µm separation distance between channels (C).…”

Section: Gas Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

1 From Conventional to Miniaturized Analytical Systems

2014

Miniaturization in Sample Preparation

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Micro- and nanostructures and their application in gas chromatography

Cited by 12 publications

References 57 publications

Highly Stable Surface Functionalization of Microgas Chromatography Columns Using Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly of Silica Nanoparticles

Highly Stable Surface Functionalization of Microgas Chromatography Columns Using Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly of Silica Nanoparticles

Through the years with on-a-chip gas chromatography: a review

1 From Conventional to Miniaturized Analytical Systems

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