Micro arc oxidized HAp–TiO2 nanostructured hybrid layers-part I: Effect of voltage and growth time

Fabrication of Bioactive Coatings on Steel Substrates by Electro-Spark Deposition (ESD) and Micro-Arc Oxidation (MAO) Methods

“…4a) and thickness (Fig 4b) rise with the increase of processing time, which is in accord with the nature of the process [8,9]. The average hardness of the MAO coating could not be detected due to the fact that it was very weak.…”

“…The results of these analyses are presented in Table I. It is known that the Ca/P ratio must be very close the stoichiometric composition of 1.67 in the coating with biocompatibile HAp phase [8,10]. It seems that as the MAO processing time increases, the C/P ratio rises according to the results of EDX analysis.…”

Fabrication and characterization of nano-HA-45S5 bioglass composite coatings on calcium-phosphate containing micro-arc oxidized CP-Ti substrates

“…The initial formation of oxide coating for the sample treated at 300 V exhibited low surface roughness due to its thin oxide coating. The increasing applied voltage enhanced the surface roughness because of the increased sparks and current density on the surface of the samples [39,40].…”

Biomedical materials and techniques to improve the tribological, mechanical and biomedical properties of orthopedic implants – A review article

“…When increasing the amount of HA in the oxide film by increasing either voltage or time, cracks were generated and failure within the coating followed ( Figure 58e). Moreover, the obtained HA produced was often not a single phase but contained by-products such as TiP 2 [144], CaTiO 3 , CaO or Ca 3 (PO4) 2 [145], [146].…”