Micro-CHP systems for residential applications

Paepe, Michel De; D'Herdt, Peter; Mertens, David

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2005.12.024

Cited by 258 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, to realize this solution the costs of the fuel cell technique needs to be reduced (Pade et al, 2013;De Paepe, D'Herdt, and Mertens, 2006). Pruitt, Bran, and Newman (2013), investigated the economic viability of an SOFC CHP system in a building, using natural gas as the fuel.…”

Section: Fuel-cell Based Chpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Heat and Power

Thorin

Sandberg

Yan

2015

Handbook of Clean Energy Systems

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Combined heat and power ( CHP ) is the simultaneous production of useful heat and power in an integrated process with common fuel or energy source. By integrating heat and power production, it is possible to use the energy source in a more efficient way and by that to reduce the environmental impact including CO 2 emissions. The basic process of a CHP plant can be a thermal energy process based on heat engines or a fuel cell process based on electrochemical energy conversion. The capacity can range from several hundreds of megawatts of fuel input to plants delivering electricity and heat through a district heating network of a whole city down to micro CHP plants on kilowatt level supplying a one‐family house. The operating load is determined by the heat demand. For systems using a district heating network as the heat load, introducing also other heat demanding processes can be a way to increase the full‐load operating time and the yearly production of electricity from biomass. The balance between the output of power and the heat supply is an important parameter for the performance of the plant. This is described by the ratio between the electric power and the heat power (the so‐called α‐value). Several barriers, related both to the market and regulations, exist for implementation of CHP and policies are necessary to be able to develop the potential in the world. The CHP is a cost effective and important solution for reduction of CO 2 emissions.

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Section: Fuel-cell Based Chpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Heat and Power

Thorin

Sandberg

Yan

2015

Handbook of Clean Energy Systems

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“…Consequently, it has been supposed to apply fl at-plane solar collectors characterized by an energy-effi ciency of 32%, considering a solar radiation of 4.6 kWh/m 2 /day, which determine an energy saving of 0.3 toe/year/dwelling; then, it has been assumed that 40% of electric boilers will be replaced. Although the market of most micro-CHP technologies is still immature [14], the primary energy reduction coming from the use of a 5 kWe internal combustion engine (ICE) has been measured. Data come from a previous work developed by the authors [15], which has evaluated the energy savings coming from the introduction of micro-CHP system in detached houses.…”

Section: Residential Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical and economic aspects of municipal energy planning

Brandoni¹,

Polonara²

2012

Int. J. SDP

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The present paper analyzes the technical and economic aspects of municipal energy planning, assessing the contribution coming from different energy-saving measures in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction, and estimating the local authorities' investment necessary to foster climate change mitigation. Results are based on three municipal energy plans developed for urban areas located in Marche Region with a number of inhabitants ranging from 5,000 to 100,000. Different aspects of municipal energy management connected to urban size have been investigated. The public administration role has been analyzed in detail in order to identify the determinant factors for municipal energy market involvement.Various opportunities and measures can be undertaken by municipalities to steer the energy system in the right direction, such as building codes, administration simplifi cation, information campaigns and pilot projects aimed at reducing the public administration expenditure and also driving changes in the private sectors. The following barriers to municipal energy market participation have been identifi ed: i) rules of municipal budgeting with debt limit, ii) diffi cult access to non-budgetary sources and iii) lack of human resources dedicated to energy-related issues. Several energy-saving measures have been analyzed for both public and private sectors such as: i) thermal insulation and introduction of photovoltaic (PV) power generation in schools, ii) introduction of micro-combined heat and power (CHP) system as well as geothermal energy in residential sector, iii) CHP systems in the industry sector. Factors suitable for the analysis of urban areas characterized by similar parameters (climate condition, urban density, socio-economic indexes) have been found out. Results reveal that an effi cient local energy planning is able to achieve, at least, a 10% reduction of the energy demand, thus helping the achievement of the ambitious EU's 2020 targets. In particular, the main contribution is expected to come from low-carbon measures in the industry and residential sector. Keywords: energy policy, energy savings, micro-CHP, municipal planning, renewable.1 INTRODUCTION A new energy policy strategy for 2011-2020, containing new legislative initiatives and relative proposals, is still under discussion within the European Union (EU) Commission. In particular, such discussion process started with the publication of the stocktaking document 'Towards a new Energy Strategy for Europe 2011-2020' in March 2010. EU countries are expected to achieve the ambitious EU's 2020 targets and show the world their leadership role in climate change mitigation. Five priority areas have been highlighted for the future energy policy: i) leadership in technological innovation, ii) modern integrated grid, iii) progress toward a low-carbon system, iv) a strong and coordinated external policy to improve relations with producers, consumers and transit countries as Russia, Ukraine, Mediterranean and African countries, v) availability of ...

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“…cost of the investment, red tape, suboptimal product quality (required to gain market trust), and lack of information (essential for the spread of the technology). Moreover little research has been done on the longterm cost and benefits of the technology; for instance the investment required to adapt transmission and distribution networks to its widespread use has not been clearly addressed [7]. Several combined heat and power systems are suitable for residential sector applications [8], i.e.…”

Section: Residential Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the impact of local energy policies in reducing greenhouse gas emissions

Arteconi

Bartolini

Brandoni

et al. 2010

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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The present work investigates the potential energy savings coming from a careful and detailed local energy policy. The paper analyzes and assesses from technical, economic and environmental viewpoints different initiatives in the energy sector aimed at increasing energy efficiency in end-uses and reducing overall carbon emissions. The results are based on energy planning for five Italian urban areas sized at about fifty thousand inhabitants. The analysis has been developed with the aim of reaching generally applicable criteria suitable for evaluating the local energy policy contribution to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction. Several initiatives for the private and public sectors have been considered, such as: (i) the introduction of combined heat and power generation based on useful thermal demand, suitable for the industry and service sectors (swimming pools, large distribution organizations); (ii) generation of electricity from renewables (solar energy, biomass); (iii) thermal insulation of private and public buildings, such as schools; (iv) introduction of micro-combined heat and power generation in the residential sector. For each solution the primary energy reduction and the consequent reduction in GHG emissions have been evaluated and a feasibility analysis has been developed in order to assess the profitability of the investment. Great attention has been paid to the public sector, which has an important role in providing leadership and driving changes in other sectors; furthermore, a rational use of energy combined with the exploitation of country-based incentives is able to reduce the public administrative expenditure. The results show that local energy policy can give an important contribution to gas emission reduction targets, and underline the fundamental role of public sector initiatives.

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Micro-CHP systems for residential applications

Cited by 258 publications

References 9 publications

Combined Heat and Power

Combined Heat and Power

Technical and economic aspects of municipal energy planning

Assessment of the impact of local energy policies in reducing greenhouse gas emissions

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