Micro‐CT analysis of the marginal adaptation and porosity associated with ultrasonic activation of coronally placed tricalcium silicate‐based cements

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ultrasonic activation on coronal marginal adaptation and microporosity of tricalcium silicate–based materials. Sixty freshly extracted human maxillary lateral incisor teeth were instrumented with ProTaper Next X2 files followed by Peeso‐Reamer burs, sizes 1 to 5. The specimens were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10): Group 1, Biodentine + hand condensation; Group 2, Biodentine + ultrasonic activation; Group 3, NeoMTA Plus + hand condensation; Group 4, NeoMTA Plus + ultrasonic activation; Group 5, ProRoot WMTA + hand condensation; and Group 6, ProRoot WMTA + ultrasonic activation. All tested materials were mixed mechanically and placed 2 mm underneath the cement–enamel junction by hand condensation or indirect ultrasonic activation. Volumetric analysis of the voids between the dentine wall and coronal barrier material and the porosity within the material was evaluated with micro‐CT. There was no significant difference in marginal adaptation among the six groups (P > 0.05). Ultrasonic activation favoured a reduced microporosity in Biodentine Group (P < 0.001).

The Effect of Ultrasonic Agitation on the Porosity Distribution in Apically Perforated Root Canals Filled with Different Bioceramic Materials and Techniques: A Micro-CT Assessment

“…Nevertheless, it can be speculated that indirect ultrasonic application is not prone to these adverse effects of temperature changes, as ultrasonic energy is transmitted to the material through the gutta-percha cone, plugger or another instrument. This would explain the contradictory findings in terms of porosity obtained between the present study and previous investigations [ 8 , 24 ], which also performed ultrasonic agitation for 10 s. However, it is difficult to directly compare the present study results with the available literature, as they differ in too many aspects, including the type and properties of filling material, the application technique, ultrasonication type and duration, assessment method, etc.…”

“…It has been reported that ultrasonication of the sealers during the root canal filling procedure may increase their penetrability into the dentinal tubules and improve the interfacial adaptation between the filling material and the root canal wall [ 22 , 23 ]. Additionally, ultrasonic energy is capable of rearranging the material particles and removing the entrapped air and thus reducing the porosity [ 24 , 25 ]. Therefore, ultrasonic agitation has been recommended in order to improve the quality and homogeneity of root canal fillings [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Micro-CT comparative evaluation of porosity and dentin adaptation of root end filling materials applied with incremental, bulk, and ultrasonic activation techniques

“…However, if the water ratio in the cement is high during mixing prosedure, the porosity increases as the water used in the reaction is not replaced. 25 This undesirable characteristic negatively affects resistance of the material to the forces transmitted to the root and environmental fluids. 26 Based on our results, condensation of MTA and BioAggregate with ultrasonic activation is helpful to reduce the quantity of pores.…”