“…Polysaccharides participate in many biological activities, such as cytoskeleton formation, energy metabolism, blood glucose regulation and immunity modulation, are biocompatible and biodegradable, and can be easily extracted, processed and modified. Polysaccharides extracted from plants (for example, alginate 105,106 , cellulose 107 , starch 108 , carrageenan 109 , pectin 110 , guar gum 109 , mannan 111 , glucomannan 112 and inulin 113 ), animals (for example, chitosan 101,114 , hyaluronate 5 and chondroitin sulfate 115 ) and microbes (for example, pullulan 116 and β-glucan 117 ) are being explored for oral drug delivery. Polysaccharide nanoparticle formulations can orally deliver small molecules, oligonucleotides, peptides and proteins 94 .…”