Micro-electrochemical characterization of corrosion of pre-cracked X70 pipeline steel in a concentrated carbonate/bicarbonate solution

Zhang, G.A.; Cheng, Y. Frank

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2009.11.019

Cited by 67 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The impact of prior deformation on oxidation rates but also on hydrogen evolution, which may cause embrittlement, has been addressed on different materials. Y. Cheng and co-workers [6][7][8][9][10][11] have concluded that strain would promote corrosion specially in the plastic region on high-strength steels [11]. That is in agreement with the mechanoelectrochemical interactions theory, which takes into account the activation of new dislocations in the material.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Effect of Plastic Strain on the Electrochemical Behavior of Lean Duplex Uns S32304 Stainless Steel

David¹,

Ruel²,

Krajcarz³

et al. 2017

Anais Do Congresso Anual Da ABM

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This work aimed at evaluating the effect of pre-strain of Lean Duplex UNS S32304 on anodic dissolution and hydrogen evolution reaction rates in acidic chloride media. Interrupted tensile testing was employed in order to generate different deformation levels. Potentiodynamic experiments allowed to detect a decrease on the cathodic and anodic reaction rates as a consequence of plastic deformation. A non-linear evolution of corrosion rates was observed, probably as a consequence of the evolution of specific dislocation structures in the material. Strain also caused a slight ennoblement of the ferritic phase, while austenite became a little less noble. These behaviors are analyzed in terms of residual stresses, characterized by X-ray diffraction.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Effect of Plastic Strain on the Electrochemical Behavior of Lean Duplex Uns S32304 Stainless Steel

David¹,

Ruel²,

Krajcarz³

et al. 2017

Anais Do Congresso Anual Da ABM

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“…Table 2 and Table 3 are related to reviewed physicochemical properties [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 59 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 , 143 , 144 , 145 , 146 , 147 , 148 , 149 , 150 , 151 , 152 , 153 , 154 , 155 , 156 , 157 , 158 , 159 , 160 , 161 , 162 , 163 ...…”

Section: Parameters Reported In the Literature Regarding The Exterunclassified

“…Common solutions to this are cathodic protection, coatings, and chemical treatment applications. The negative effects of the phenomena of external SCC on carbon steel pipelines could be influenced by the hydrogen generated during cathodic protection, prepared soil solutions, carbonates and bicarbonate solutions as well as the hydrogen that originate from the sulfide compounds, HIC from acidic soils, acidic atmospheric compounds, organic acids, external bacteria induced corrosion, among other external solution promoting cracking [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Oxygen and hydrogen that comes from the low and high (overprotection) cathodic protection, respectively, becoming negative effects for external SCC [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Electrochemical Parameters and Their Impact on the Internal and External SCC of Carbon Steel Pipelines

et al. 2020

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The review presented herein is regarding the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) phenomena of carbon steel pipelines affected by the corrosive electrolytes that comes from external (E) and internal (I) environments, as well as the susceptibility and tensile stress on the SCC. Some useful tools are presented including essential aspects for determining and describing the E-SCC and I-SCC in oil and gas pipelines. Therefore, this study aims to present a comprehensive and critical review of a brief experimental summary, and a comparison of physicochemical, mechanical, and electrochemical data affecting external and internal SCC in carbon steel pipelines exposed to corrosive media have been conducted. The SCC, hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC), hydrogen embrittlement, and sulfide stress cracking (SSC) are attributed to the pH, and to hydrogen becoming more corrosive by combining external and internal sources promoting cracking, such as sulfide compounds, acidic soils, acidic atmospheric compounds, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, organic acids (acetic acid, mainly), bacteria induced corrosion, cathodic polarization, among others. SCC growth is a reaction between the microstructural, chemical, and mechanical effects and it depends on the external and internal environmental sources promoting unpredictable cracks and fractures. In some cases, E-SCC could be initiated by hydrogen that comes from the over-voltage during the cathodic protection processes. I-SCC could be activated by over-operating pressure and temperature at flowing media during the production, gathering, storage and transportation of wet hydrocarbons through pipelines. The mechanical properties related to I-SCC were higher in comparison with those reviewed by E-SCC, suggesting that pipelines suffer more susceptibility to I-SCC. When a pipeline is designed, the internal fluid being transported (changes of environments) and the external environment concerning SCC should be considered. This review offers a good starting point for newcomers into the field, it is written as a tutorial, and covers a large number of basic standards in the area.

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“…The SCC is related to electrochemical reactions, especially to changes in the pH factor at the tip of the growing crack, as Hirth states [4]. Two types of the SCC, which are often differentiated as the high pH or intergranular SCC (IGSCC) and the near-neutral pH or transgranular SCC (TGSCC) have been identified in works [5], [6], [7], [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance of High-Strength Steels to Stress Corrosion Cracking Depending on External Environment pH Factor

Jonšta¹,

Vlčková²,

Jonšta³

et al. 2018

Komunikácie

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The paper deals with the study of stress corrosion cracking of high-strength steels in an aqueous environment with a varying pH factor ranging from 5.5 to 12.0. Steels were studied after quenching and tempering, one of the steels was prone to temper embrittlement. Single-edge notched pre-cracked specimens were used for the experiments. Changes in the pH factor at the crack tip were measured using an antimony electrode. The pH factor values at the crack tip dropped to 2.0. Steel prone to temper embrittlement showed significantly shorter incubation period and more accelerated development of corrosion process compared to the optimized heat treatment of the second steel. Proneness to intergranular fracture was observed close to the fatigue crack tip. The obtained results expand the existing knowledge about localized corrosion processes leading to the refinement of the stress corrosion cracking model when changing the pH factor on the crack tip.

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Micro-electrochemical characterization of corrosion of pre-cracked X70 pipeline steel in a concentrated carbonate/bicarbonate solution

Cited by 67 publications

References 25 publications

Effect of Plastic Strain on the Electrochemical Behavior of Lean Duplex Uns S32304 Stainless Steel

Effect of Plastic Strain on the Electrochemical Behavior of Lean Duplex Uns S32304 Stainless Steel

Analysis of the Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Electrochemical Parameters and Their Impact on the Internal and External SCC of Carbon Steel Pipelines

Resistance of High-Strength Steels to Stress Corrosion Cracking Depending on External Environment pH Factor

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