Micro-Galvanic Corrosion of Steam Generator Materials within Pores of Magnetite Flakes in Alkaline Solutions

Jeon, Soon-Hyeok; Song, Geun Dong; Hur, Do Haeng

doi:10.3390/met8110899

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Many researchers have presented that aggressive chemical impurities are concentrated within the micro-pores of the SG tube deposits and tube sheet sludge owing to the evaporation of secondary water within the micro-pores [22,23]. These phenomena accelerated the corrosion rate of the SG components owing to the formation of severe corrosive environments [22,23]. Hence, the SG tube deposit specimens, which concentrated the chemical impurities, could be widely used in many investigations related to the corrosion behaviors.…”

Section: Simulation Of Chemical Impurity Concentration Within the Micmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the secondary side of the PWR, magnetite is mainly composed of SG tube deposits. However, the trace amount of other phases such as trevorite (Ni 2 FeO 4 ), jacobsite (Mn 2 FeO 4 ), chromite (FeCr 2 O 4 ), and metallic Cu and Pb particles may also constitute the SG tube deposits [22,23]. Recently, Electricité de France simulated the SG tube fouling using the experimental loop called FORTRAND [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulation of Porous Magnetite Deposits on Steam Generator Tubes in Circulating Water at 270 °C

et al. 2020

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In the secondary side of pressurized water reactors (PWRs), the main corrosion product accumulated on the steam generator (SG) tubes is magnetite, which has a porous structure. The purpose of this work is to simulate the porous magnetite deposited to the SG tubes using a loop system. We newly developed a circulating loop system for a porous magnetite deposition test. A test section was designed as a single hydraulic flow channel, and a cartridge heater was fabricated and mounted into a commercial SG tube to provide an equal heating source for the primary water. After the deposition test, the simulated magnetite deposits were characterized for comparison to real SG tube deposits collected from an operating PWR plant. The magnetite deposits produced using the loop system were appropriate for simulating the real SG tube deposits because the particle characteristics, phase, and porous morphology are closely similar to those of real deposit samples. Using the loop system, the chemical impurities such as Na and Cl can be easily concentrated within the pores of the simulated magnetite deposits. These simulated magnetite samples are expected to be widely utilized in various research fields such as the heat transfer degradation and magnetite accelerated corrosion of SG tubes.

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Section: Simulation Of Chemical Impurity Concentration Within the Micmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Porous Magnetite Deposits on Steam Generator Tubes in Circulating Water at 270 °C

et al. 2020

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“…Due to the small flow channel size, PCHEs are expected to be much more vulnerable to fouling compared to conventional SGs. Moreover, some studies have reported that corrosion of the SG tube materials is accelerated by the concentration of aggressive chemical impurities within the pores of the fouling layer [16][17][18][19]. Classic shell-and-tube SG tubing in PWRs can be damaged by a variety of degradation modes, including stress corrosion cracking, intergranular attack, pitting, and fretting-wear [11][12][13][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Cleaning of Magnetite Deposits on the Flow Mini-Channels of a Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger in an EDTA-Based Solution

et al. 2022

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The dissolution behavior of magnetite deposited on flow mini-channel surfaces within a printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) and the corrosion behavior of a STS 316L PCHE material were investigated in an ethylendiaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-based chemical cleaning solution at 93 °C. The fouling in the PCHE was simulated using a water-steam circulation loop system. Most of the magnetite deposits were rapidly dissolved in the early stage of the circulation chemical cleaning. An empirical equation for estimating the dissolution percentage was derived as a function of cleaning time. The PCHE material showed excellent corrosion resistance during the chemical cleaning tests. These results indicate the fouling layers in the PCHEs can be removed efficiently by the chemical cleaning process without concern about base metal corrosion.

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“…Magnetite deposits accumulated in SGs can deteriorate the performance and integrity of the SG [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. The porous deposits have a lower thermal conductivity than the SG tubing [6][7][8]; therefore, the heat transfer capability of the SG tubing decreases, and the temperature of the SG tube wall increases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetite Deposition Behavior on Alloy 600 and Alloy 690 Tubes in Simulated PWR Secondary Water

Jeon

Lee

et al. 2022

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Fouling due to magnetite deposition has been a major concern for steam generator (SG) tubing of pressurized water reactors (PWRs). Alloy 690 SG tubes are now used for new plants or are scheduled to replace old Alloy 600 tubes of operating plants. The purpose of this study is to investigate the magnetite deposition behavior on the two different SG tube materials: Alloy 600 and Alloy 690. Deposition tests were conducted under a sub-cooled nucleate flow boiling condition in simulated secondary water of a PWR at 270 °C. After these tests, we observed that the tube surfaces were covered with deposits composed of porous magnetite particles. We found approximately 30% more magnetite deposits on Alloy 600 than on Alloy 690. The electrostatic repulsive force between the magnetite particles and the Alloy 600 surface was only half of that between the magnetite particles and the Alloy 690 surface, resulting in an increase in the deposit mass.

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Micro-Galvanic Corrosion of Steam Generator Materials within Pores of Magnetite Flakes in Alkaline Solutions

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

Simulation of Porous Magnetite Deposits on Steam Generator Tubes in Circulating Water at 270 °C

Simulation of Porous Magnetite Deposits on Steam Generator Tubes in Circulating Water at 270 °C

Chemical Cleaning of Magnetite Deposits on the Flow Mini-Channels of a Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger in an EDTA-Based Solution

Magnetite Deposition Behavior on Alloy 600 and Alloy 690 Tubes in Simulated PWR Secondary Water

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