Micro-machining of metals, ceramics and polymers using nanosecond lasers

Knowles, M. R. H.; Rutterford, Graham; Karnakis, Dimitris; Ferguson, A.

doi:10.1007/s00170-007-0967-2

Cited by 194 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The results above on the existence of a threshold fluence and the steep increase of the ablation rate upon increasing the fluence above the threshold value are consistent with previous work on metallic and non-metallic materials in different irradiation conditions [16,[19][20][21]. There, ablation was performed in vacuum conditions, and the fluence was varied via the pulse energy.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Understanding and controlling the ablation rate is essential for micro-based on nanosecond laser ablation, and to determine the optimum parameters of the nanosecond laser-pulses that allow one to obtain high quality micropatterns on different metallic or non-metallic materials [8][9][10][19][20][21][22]. The experiments indicate that the ablation rate increases logarithmically with the fluence of the nanosecond pulses in the case of semiconductors and dielectrics [2,5,16], while for values of the fluence higher than a threshold there is a steep increase of the ablation rate [16,[19][20][21]. The wavelength of the laser has a significant influence on the ablation rate: the shorter the wavelength, the higher the ablation rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of the lasr wavelength and fluence on the ablation rate of aluminium

2008

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Abstract:The dependence of the ablation rate of aluminium on the fluence of nanosecond laser pulses with wavelengths of 532 nm and respectively 1064 nm is investigated in atmospheric air. The fluence of the pulses is varied by changing the diameter of the irradiated area at the target surface, and the wavelength is varied by using the fundamental and the second harmonic of a Q-switched Nd-YAG laser system. The results indicate an approximately logarithmic increase of the ablation rate with the fluence for ablation rates smaller than ∼6 µm/pulse at 532 nm, and 0.3 µm/pulse at 1064 nm wavelength. The significantly smaller ablation rate at 1064 nm is due to the small optical absorptivity, the strong oxidation of the aluminium target, and to the strong attenuation of the pulses into the plasma plume at this wavelength. A jump of the ablation rate is observed at the fluence threshold value, which is ∼50 J/cm 2 for the second harmonic, and ∼15 J/cm 2 for the fundamental pulses. Further increasing the fluence leads to a steep increase of the ablation rate at both wavelengths, the increase of the ablation rate being approximately exponential in the case of visible pulses. The jump of the ablation rate at the threshold fluence value is due to the transition from a normal vaporization regime to a phase explosion regime, and to the change of the dimensionality of the hydrodynamics of the plasma-plume. PACS

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the lasr wavelength and fluence on the ablation rate of aluminium

2008

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“…The Wº42 set's irregular morphology can be credited to turbulence being caused on the melt phase by the vaporizing surface-as suggested by Harimkar and Dahotre 27) for continuous-wave Nd:YAG treatment of alumina-followed by Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 123 [3] 160-166 2015 very fast resolidification that freezes the non-equilibrium structures. Knowles et al 6) reported this kind of mechanism even for longer (micro-and miliseconds) pulses, and that good surface quality was achieved on alumina, without signs of melting, by using a copper vapor laser (511 and 578 nm wavelength) and 20 ns pulse-width.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Removalmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…5) Since ablation is a complex process governed by many interacting physical phenomena, that depend on properties that evolve during the process, it is difficult to directly translate process parameters into desired effects such as removal depth and surface roughness or morphology. 6) Studies have been carried out regarding parameters optimization, 7)10) and numerical models for thermal processes 5),11)14) and plasma dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface morphology and fracture strength analysis of nanosecond ablated alumina

Gomes

Hallmann

Daniel

et al. 2015

J. Ceram. Soc. Japan

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Although the research on laser ablation advances steadily, mainly on ultra-short pulses (in the order of pico-and femtoseconds), research on the low-cost and low-power-consuming nanosecond regime (>100 ns) is relatively scarce. This process is still difficult to predict, due to the many simultaneous and interacting physical processes that take place in a relatively short time. This study provides an experimental analysis for a ytterbium pulsed fibre-laser on Al 2 O 3 , by evaluating surface morphology and fracture strength for two sets of parameters. A very well-defined difference in removal rate and resulting surface topographies was observed, suggesting a threshold point between distinct ablation mechanisms. Laser machining also caused a clear increase on the Weibull modulus, while reducing the characteristic stress.

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“…This process is relevant for laser applications ranging from medicine and engineering to fundamental science. [1][2][3][4] In industry nanosecond lasers are widely used in various micro-machining processes, such as material welding, 5 cutting, 6 and ablation. [7][8][9][10][11] The short-lived laser-induced temperature pulses in the heated region determine the conditions that may lead to material damage, phase transitions, and melting.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanosecond laser pulse heating of a platinum surface studied by pump-probe X-ray diffraction

Shayduk

Vonk

Arndt

et al. 2016

Applied Physics Letters

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We report on the quantitative determination of the transient surface temperature of Pt(110) upon nanosecond laser pulse heating. We find excellent agreement between heat transport theory and the experimentally determined transient surface temperature as obtained from time-resolved X-ray diffraction on timescales from hundred nanoseconds to milliseconds. Exact knowledge of the surface temperature's temporal evolution after laser excitation is crucial for future pump-probe experiments at synchrotron storage rings and X-ray free electron lasers.

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Micro-machining of metals, ceramics and polymers using nanosecond lasers

Cited by 194 publications

References 7 publications

Impact of the lasr wavelength and fluence on the ablation rate of aluminium

Impact of the lasr wavelength and fluence on the ablation rate of aluminium

Surface morphology and fracture strength analysis of nanosecond ablated alumina

Nanosecond laser pulse heating of a platinum surface studied by pump-probe X-ray diffraction

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