Micro-Material Handling Employing E-Beam Generated Topographies of Copper and Aluminium

Matope, Stephen; Af, Van Der Merwe; Nemutudi, R.; Nkosi, M.; Maaza, M.

doi:10.7166/22-2-24

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…An atomic force microscope (AFM), model Asylum MFP 3 D-Bio with version 6.22A software, was used to measure the actual Van der Waals forces exerted by the e-beam deposited samples. The aim of the experiment was to obtain practical evidence to validate the Van der Waals forces modelled in Matope et al [9] concerning their applicability to micromaterials.…”

Section: Descriptions Of Experiments On E-beam Deposited Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The e-beam depositions generate a surface roughness of a specific root mean square (rms) value that greatly influences the Van der Waals forces exerted [7,12,3]. This paper, with experimental data, is a follow-up of an earlier publication in which the application of Van der Waals forces in micro-material handling operations was modelled [9]. In the modelling (which employed the formula of Rabinovich et al [11]), it was observed that for a reliable picking of a micro-part in a micro-material handling system, the picking place should exert less Van der Waals force than the microgripper; and the gripper, in turn, should exert less force than the placement position for an effective release.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Micro-Material Handling, Employing E-Beam Coatings of Copper and Silver

Matope

Rabinovich³

2011

The South African Journal of Industrial Engineering

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Van der Waals forces and other adhesive forces impose great challenges on micro-material handling. Mechanical grippers fail to release micro-parts reliably because of them. This paper explores how the problematic Van der Waals forces may be used for micro-material handling purposes using surface roughnesses generated by e-beam coatings of copper and silver on silicon. An atomic force microscope, model Asylum MFP 3 D-Bio with version 6.22A software, was used to measure the forces exerted by the surfaces. A silver coating of 1.41 nm rms surface roughness value is found to exert the highest Van der Waals force, followed by a copper coating of 2.72 nm rms; a copper coating of 217 nm rms exerts the least force. This implies that, in a reliable micro-material handling system, these coatings are suitable for the interactive surfaces of the placement position, micro-gripper, and the pickup position respectively.

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Section: Descriptions Of Experiments On E-beam Deposited Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Micro-Material Handling, Employing E-Beam Coatings of Copper and Silver

Matope

Rabinovich³

2011

The South African Journal of Industrial Engineering

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“…The vapour in this case was deposited on a silicon substrate with a root mean square (rms) roughness of 0.43 nm. In this study, the vacuum pressures between 2x10-6 mbar and 3 x 10-6 mbar and deposition rates between 0.6 and 1.2 Angstroms/ second were used, same as in [11], [26] and [27]. The deposition time was either 5 or 20 minutes in each case.…”

Section: Micro-parts' Surface Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electron beam evaporation method (e-beam) was used to prepare the samples following the same procedure whose detail is found in other works [11,26,27]. E-beam method involves the use of an electron beam of high energy to convert the samples from solid state to vapour state under vacuum conditions.…”

Section: Micro-parts' Surface Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Silver, Copper and Aluminium Coatings for Micro-Material Handling Operations

Matope

Rabinovich³

2013

sajie

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Micro-material handling has challenges accompanying it because of adhesive forces, which make the picking and placing of micro-parts difficult. The adhesive forces hinder the picking of a micro-part, and once picked, they pose even a greater challenge when attempts to release a micro-part are made. Van der Waals' forces are part of the adhesive forces and are always present between interacting surfaces in a micro-material handling operation. However, Van der Waals' forces can profitably be manipulated in a micromaterial handling operation. The paper reveals how the Van der Waals' forces can be advantageously used in micro-material handling operations involving silver, copper and aluminium coatings of rms surface roughness values ranging from 0.5 nm to 2.72 nm, which are produced by the electron beam evaporation (e-beam) method. These were found to exert Van der Waals' forces ranging from 17 nN to 314 nN, which can be used for reliable micro-material handling operations. OPSOMMINGDie hantering van materiaal op 'n mikroskaal het uitdagings wat daarmee gepaard gaan as gevolg van kleefkragte. Kleefkragte bemoeilik die optel van 'n mikro-onderdeel en, wanneer dit eers opgetel is, is daar selfs ŉ groter uitdaging wanneer die part geplaas en gelos moet word. Van der Waalskragte vorm deel van die kleefkragte en is altyd teenwoordig tussen opervlaktes wat met mekaar in aanraking kom wanneer mikro-materiale gehanteer word. Van der Waalskragte kan egter voordelig gemanipuleer word in 'n mikromateriaalhanteringsituasie. Hierdie artikel toon hoedat Van der Waalskragte voordelig gebruik kan word wanneer silwer-, koper-en aluminiumbedekkings met 'n wgk oppervlakgrofheid tussen 0.5 nm en 2.72nm, wat deur die elektronstraalverdamping (e-straal) metode geproduseer word, gehanteer moet word. Daar is gevind dat hierdie bedekkings Van der Waalskragte tussen 17nN en 314nN uitoefen. Die Van der Waalskragte kan gebruik word vir betroubare mikro-materiaalhantering.

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