Micro-mechanical properties of the tendon-to-bone attachment

Deymier, Alix C.; An, Yiran; Boyle, John J.; Schwartz, Andrea G.; Birman, Victor; Genin, Guy M.; Thomopoulos, Stavros; Barber, Asa H.

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.037

Cited by 96 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…This rotation may be in part responsible for the presence of a region of increased compliance previously measured within the mineral gradient zone [69–72]. The compliant zone can undergo significant deformation during loading, allowing it to absorb and dissipate mechanical energy and thus avoid catastrophic failure [28, 70, 73]. Therefore, modifications to this compliant zone, such as the decreased mineral size and alignment in the unloaded group, may decrease the toughness of the enthesis and increase the extent of failure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The multiscale structural and mechanical effects of mouse supraspinatus muscle unloading on the mature enthesis

et al. 2019

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The musculoskeletal system is sensitive to its loading environment; this is of particular concern under conditions such as disuse, paralysis, and extended-duration space flight. Although structural and mechanical changes to tendon and bone following paralysis and disuse are well understood, there is a pressing need to understand how this unloading affects the bone-tendon interface (enthesis); the location most prone to tears and injury. We therefore elucidated these effects of unloading in the entheses of adult mice shoulders that were paralyzed for 21 days by treatment with botulinum toxin A. Unloading significantly increased the extent of mechanical failure and was associated with structural changes across hierarchical scales. At the millimeter scale, unloading caused bone loss. At the micrometer scale, unloading decreased bioapatite crystal size and crystallographic alignment in the enthesis. At the nanometer scale, unloading induced compositional changes that stiffened the bioapatite/collagen composite tissue. Mathematical modeling and mechanical testing indicated that these factors combined to increase local elevations of stress while decreasing the ability of the tissue to absorb energy prior to failure, thereby increasing injury risk. These first observations of the multiscale effects of unloading on the adult enthesis provide new insight into the hierarchical features of structure and composition that endow the enthesis with increased resistance to failure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The multiscale structural and mechanical effects of mouse supraspinatus muscle unloading on the mature enthesis

et al. 2019

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“…At the macroscale, the tendon-to-bone attachment splays outwardly, increasing its cross-sectional area (CSA) from tendon to bone to reduce localized stress at the interface [8,9]. At the microscale, a gradient of unmineralized and mineralized fibrocartilage [6,10,11], as well as collagen fibril interdigitations and alignment, aid in reducing or redirecting localized stress [4,9,[11][12][13][14][15]. At the nanoscale, pattern variations in mineral accumulation around collagen fibers and within the collagen molecular structure may also modulate macroscale attachment biomechanics [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies utilized computation and regression modeling to explain how the intact structures prevent stress concentrations at the attachment and have motivated many experimental studies to define the structure-function relationships of the tendon-to-bone attachment [17][18][19]. Experimental work has shown that, at the microscale, there exists a zone of high compliance within the fibrocartilage gradient that may reduce stress concentrations and mitigate failure at the attachment [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain Distribution of Intact Rat Rotator Cuff Tendon-to-Bone Attachments and Attachments With Defects

Locke

Peloquin

Lemmon

et al. 2017

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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This study aimed to experimentally track the tissue-scale strains of the tendon-bone attachment with and without a localized defect. We hypothesized that attachments with a localized defect would develop strain concentrations and would be weaker than intact attachments. Uniaxial tensile tests and digital image correlation were performed on rat infraspinatus tendon-to-bone attachments with defects (defect group) and without defects (intact group). Biomechanical properties were calculated, and tissue-scale strain distributions were quantified for superior and inferior fibrous and calcified regions. At the macroscale, the defect group exhibited reduced stiffness (31.3±3.7 N/mm), reduced ultimate load (24.7±3.8 N), and reduced area under the curve at ultimate stress (3.7±1.5 J/m2) compared to intact attachments (42.4±4.3 N/mm, 39.3±3.7 N, and 5.6±1.4 J/m2, respectively). Transverse strain increased with increasing axial load in the fibrous region of the defect group but did not change for the intact group. Shear strain of the superior fibrous region was significantly higher in the defect group compared to intact group near yield load. This work experimentally identified that attachments may resist failure by distributing strain across the interface and that strain concentrations develop near attachment defects. By establishing the tissue-scale deformation patterns of the attachment, we gained insight into the micromechanical behavior of this interfacial tissue and bolstered our understanding of the deformation mechanisms associated with its ability to resist failure.

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“…Important for stress distribution and mechanical stability, the fibers do not form simply a continuous network but may end freely in the interstitial matrix. This is supported by a high density of hydroxyapatite crystals in the mineralized fibrocartilage zone which are not permanently fixed in the matrix but freely move along the fibers [ 15 , 16 ]. Such arrangement results in an enormous enlargement of the interaction areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regeneration of Damaged Tendon-Bone Junctions (Entheses)—TAK1 as a Potential Node Factor

Friese

Gierschner

Schadzek

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Musculoskeletal dysfunctions are highly prevalent due to increasing life expectancy. Consequently, novel solutions to optimize treatment of patients are required. The current major research focus is to develop innovative concepts for single tissues. However, interest is also emerging to generate applications for tissue transitions where highly divergent properties need to work together, as in bone-cartilage or bone-tendon transitions. Finding medical solutions for dysfunctions of such tissue transitions presents an added challenge, both in research and in clinics. This review aims to provide an overview of the anatomical structure of healthy adult entheses and their development during embryogenesis. Subsequently, important scientific progress in restoration of damaged entheses is presented. With respect to enthesis dysfunction, the review further focuses on inflammation. Although molecular, cellular and tissue mechanisms during inflammation are well understood, tissue regeneration in context of inflammation still presents an unmet clinical need and goes along with unresolved biological questions. Furthermore, this review gives particular attention to the potential role of a signaling mediator protein, transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase-1 (TAK1), which is at the node of regenerative and inflammatory signaling and is one example for a less regarded aspect and potential important link between tissue regeneration and inflammation.

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Micro-mechanical properties of the tendon-to-bone attachment

Cited by 96 publications

References 53 publications

The multiscale structural and mechanical effects of mouse supraspinatus muscle unloading on the mature enthesis

The multiscale structural and mechanical effects of mouse supraspinatus muscle unloading on the mature enthesis

Strain Distribution of Intact Rat Rotator Cuff Tendon-to-Bone Attachments and Attachments With Defects

Regeneration of Damaged Tendon-Bone Junctions (Entheses)—TAK1 as a Potential Node Factor

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