Micro/minifrac test procedures and interpretation for in situ stress determination

Bree, Ph. de; Walters, John Victor

doi:10.1016/0148-9062(89)91429-0

Cited by 49 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The poroelastic theory has been extensively used to analyze the relationship between fluid flow and rock deformation under the generated stress . A geomechanical model is important to establish the influence of the gas flowing through the pores of the shale reservoir and the relationship between the stress and strain. − Table summarizes studies that have considered shale deformation due to the swelling of the kerogen and change in permeability. Cao et al accounted for the deformation of shale by establishing a mechanical equilibrium equation consisting of the matrix and fracture.…”

Section: Storage and Transport Mechanism Of Gas In Shale Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydraulic Fracturing and Enhanced Recovery in Shale Reservoirs: Theoretical Analysis to Engineering Applications

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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Shale reservoirs are extensively exploited using hydraulic fracturing, which forms multiple cracks that connect with the existing natural fractures to create a continuous path for the gas stored in the kerogen to flow to the production well. Apart from the tedious nature of hydraulic fracturing, the mechanism of the storage and flow of gas is equally complex since multiple phases and scales are involved. An accurate understanding of hydraulic fracturing coupled with a strategy of analyzing the flow and overall recovery of gas is paramount to ensure efficient exploitation. In this work, a comprehensive review of the recent strategies used in analyzing the hydraulic fracturing, storage, flow, and recovery of gas is presented. To begin with, the experimental, analytical, and numerical approaches pertinent to hydraulic fracturing are deeply explored. Additionally, the flow of gas through the newly opened channels is accounted for by using a quadruple-domain approach where the mechanisms of flow in shale reservoirs at the nanoscale, microscale, mesoscale, and macroscale are considered. Furthermore, a strategy to capture the multiple phases, including gas, oil, and water, and recover both carbon dioxide and methane is explored through thermal and enhanced gas recovery approaches. This review provides a baseline for understanding how the hydraulic fracture evolves and propagates to create new channels that contribute to the flow of gas, how the gas flows through the created channels across the many scales of the shale reservoir, and how to improve recovery from shale reservoirs.

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Section: Storage and Transport Mechanism Of Gas In Shale Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydraulic Fracturing and Enhanced Recovery in Shale Reservoirs: Theoretical Analysis to Engineering Applications

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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“…Mini-frac tests remain the most reliable method for determining the minimum (usually horizontal) in situ total stress. It was a shut-in test in the paper, the fracture closure pressure (FCP) can be determined by plotting pressurer as a function of time and detecting a change in linearity of the pressure decay [26,27]. Fracture closure pressures from mini-frac and hydraulic fracturing data were used to calibrate the estimation of S Hmin in W205 and W206 (Figures 13-16).…”

Section: Magnitude Of S Hminmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geomechanical Analysis for Deep Shale Gas Exploration Wells in the NDNR Blocks, Sichuan Basin, Southwest China

Zheng

Tang

et al. 2020

Energies

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The abundant reserve of shale gas in Sichuan Basin has become a significant natural gas component in China. To achieve efficient development of shale gas, it is necessary to analyze the stress state, pore pressure, and reservoir mechanical properties such that an accurate geomechanical model can be established. In this paper, Six wells of Neijiang-Dazu and North Rongchang (NDNR) Block were thoroughly investigated to establish the geomechanical model for the study area. The well log analysis was performed to derive the in-situ stresses and pore pressure while the stress polygon was applied to constrain the value of the maximum horizontal principal stress. Image and caliper data, mini-frac test and laboratory rock mechanics test results were used to calibrate the geomechanical model. The model was further validated by comparing the model prediction against the actual wellbore failure observed in the field. It was found that it is associated with the strike-slip (SS) stress regime; the orientation of SHmax was inferred to be 106–130° N. The pore pressure appears to be approximately hydrostatic from the surface to 1000 m true vertical depth (TVD), but then becomes over-pressured from the Xujiahe formation. The geomechanical model can provide guidance for the subsequent drilling and completion in this area and be used to effectively avoid complex drilling events such as collapse, kick, and lost circulation (mud losses) along the entire well. Also, the in-situ stress and pore pressure database can be used to analyze wellbore stability issues as well as help design hydraulic fracturing operations.

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“…By performing LOT, the fracture pressure is specified. LOTs are widely used to interpret the minimum stress magnitude, stress determination [15][16][17][18], and in the geomechanical studies [19,20]. Aadnoy et al [10] developed one model for interpreting LOT, including evaluating after borehole fracturing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Leak-off Tests with a Focus on Automation and Digitalization

Bakhshi

Elahifar

Shahrabadi³

et al. 2022

Int. J. Petrol. Technol.

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The drilling and research communities are leading the way toward more digitally-controlled operations to ensure that the drilling process takes place as safely and gently as possible with the lowest possible carbon footprint. Today’s cutting-edge operations are run on large high-performance drilling installations where operations are largely run remotely from the driller’s operating station. Digitalization of the drilling process is the goal for performing drilling operations remotely from onshore. Leak-off test (LOT) or extended leak-off test (XLOT) plays a critical role in the petroleum industry. Therefore, recognizing all affecting parameters on LOT/XLOT and Formation integrity test (FIT) performance is vital. Because, in some cases, it is not possible to fully understand what happened during the test, having a deep insight into the LOT procedure is very important. One of the current study's main objectives is to thoroughly explain all stages of these tests and assemble all the significant parameters. Thus, many scientific papers on these tests were deeply reviewed and were classified into four main groups focusing on the application of LOT/XLOT (i) in stress estimation and geomechanical studies, (ii) concerning hydraulic fracturing, (iii) concerning wellbore stability, and (iv) numerical modeling, and then, the corresponding discussions were conducted. It was found that in-situ stress estimation is the most common application of the leak-off test. Moreover, considering the importance of LOT and the desire to digitize operations in the oil and gas industry, it was found that the automatic LOT/XLOT is a fully required approach. The primary purpose of this study, which is hence considered its main contribution, is to prepare a LOT flowchart that would set off the further code development tasks of the field. The fundamental code of the present study was written and checked using a real dataset in a Python environment. The results were satisfying and indicated a successful start, which lays a foundation for future automated LOT/XLOT tests.

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Micro/minifrac test procedures and interpretation for in situ stress determination

Cited by 49 publications

References 3 publications

Hydraulic Fracturing and Enhanced Recovery in Shale Reservoirs: Theoretical Analysis to Engineering Applications

Hydraulic Fracturing and Enhanced Recovery in Shale Reservoirs: Theoretical Analysis to Engineering Applications

Geomechanical Analysis for Deep Shale Gas Exploration Wells in the NDNR Blocks, Sichuan Basin, Southwest China

Review of the Leak-off Tests with a Focus on Automation and Digitalization

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