Micro/nanoscale magnetic robots for biomedical applications

Koleoso, Mustaphis; Xue, Feng; Xue, Yuxiang; Li, Quan; Munshi, Tasnim; Chen, Xianfeng

doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2020.100085

Cited by 105 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 160 publications

(128 reference statements)

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“…2015; Bunea & Glückstad 2019; Koleoso et al. 2020). Still, practical difficulties, such as miniaturisation and manufacturing of their moving parts, have so far hindered their use for practical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confined self-propulsion of an isotropic active colloid

Picella

Michelin

2021

J. Fluid Mech.

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To spontaneously break their intrinsic symmetry and self-propel at the micron scale, isotropic active colloidal particles and droplets exploit the nonlinear convective transport of chemical solutes emitted/consumed at their surface by the surface-driven fluid flows generated by these solutes. Significant progress was recently made to understand the onset of self-propulsion and nonlinear dynamics. Yet, most models ignore a fundamental experimental feature, namely the spatial confinement of the colloid, and its effect on propulsion. In this work the self-propulsion of an isotropic colloid inside a capillary tube is investigated numerically. A flexible computational framework is proposed based on a finite-volume approach on adaptative octree grids and embedded boundary methods. This method is able to account for complex geometric confinement, the nonlinear coupling of chemical transport and flow fields, and the precise resolution of the surface boundary conditions, that drive the system's dynamics. Somewhat counterintuitively, spatial confinement promotes the colloid's spontaneous motion by reducing the minimum advection-to-diffusion ratio or Péclet number, ${Pe}$ , required to self-propel; furthermore, self-propulsion velocities are significantly modified as the colloid-to-capillary size ratio $\kappa$ is increased, reaching a maximum at fixed ${Pe}$ for an optimal confinement $0<\kappa <1$ . These properties stem from a fundamental change in the dominant chemical transport mechanism with respect to the unbounded problem: with diffusion now restricted in most directions by the confining walls, the excess solute is predominantly convected away downstream from the colloid, enhancing front-back concentration contrasts. These results are confirmed quantitatively using conservation arguments and lubrication analysis of the tightly confined limit, $\kappa \rightarrow 1$ .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confined self-propulsion of an isotropic active colloid

Picella

Michelin

2021

J. Fluid Mech.

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“…[16] Nevertheless, accurate guidance of magnetic micromotors through vasculature and to specific disease tissues remain to be demonstrated. [17,18] Additionally, most magnetic motors incorporate toxic metals, such as nickel. Acoustic energy is attractive because it is used routinely in vivo for diagnostics and imaging.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/smll202007102mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemically Propelled Nano and Micromotors in the Body: Quo Vadis?

Somasundar

Sen

2021

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The active delivery of drugs to disease sites in response to specific biomarkers is a holy grail in theranostics. If successful, it would greatly diminish the therapeutic dosage and reduce collateral cytotoxicity. In this context, the development of nano and micromotors that are able to harvest local energy to move directionally is an important breakthrough. However, serious hurdles remain before such active systems can be employed in vivo in therapeutic applications. Such motors and their energy sources must be safe and biocompatible, they should be able to move through complex body fluids, and have the ability to reach specific cellular targets. Given the complexity in the design and deployment of nano and micromotors, it is also critically important to show that they are significantly superior to inactive “smart” nanoparticles in theranostics. Furthermore, receiving regulatory approval requires the ability to scale‐up the production of nano and micromotors with uniformity in structure, function, and activity. In this essay, the limitations of the current nano and micromotors and the issues that need to be resolved before such motors are likely to find theranostic applications are discussed.

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“…MNPs have been recently used to fabricate magnetic robots of micro-or even nanometer dimensions: These small-scale devices are intended to minimize invasive procedures in surgery or to avoid exposure to radiation [202]. Magnetic micro/nanorobots consist of two components, a biotemplate, a flexible part often in a shape of helix or filament to enhance the mobility in physiological fluids like bloodstream and a magnetic component containing MNPs for magnetically driven actuation by magnetic field gradients [203].…”

Section: Magnetic Actuation Using Micro/nanorobotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Magnetic Nanoparticles Engineering for Biomedical Applications—A Review

2021

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Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) have been developed and applied for a broad range of biomedical applications, such as diagnostic imaging, magnetic fluid hyperthermia, targeted drug delivery, gene therapy and tissue repair. As one key element, reproducible synthesis routes of MNPs are capable of controlling and adjusting structure, size, shape and magnetic properties are mandatory. In this review, we discuss advanced methods for engineering and utilizing MNPs, such as continuous synthesis approaches using microtechnologies and the biosynthesis of magnetosomes, biotechnological synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles from bacteria. We compare the technologies and resulting MNPs with conventional synthetic routes. Prominent biomedical applications of the MNPs such as diagnostic imaging, magnetic fluid hyperthermia, targeted drug delivery and magnetic actuation in micro/nanorobots will be presented.

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Micro/nanoscale magnetic robots for biomedical applications

Cited by 105 publications

References 160 publications

Confined self-propulsion of an isotropic active colloid

Confined self-propulsion of an isotropic active colloid

Chemically Propelled Nano and Micromotors in the Body: Quo Vadis?

Advances in Magnetic Nanoparticles Engineering for Biomedical Applications—A Review

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