Micro-Oscillator as Integrable Sensor for Structure-Borne Ultrasound

Haus, Jan Niklas; Rittmeier, Liv; Roloff, Thomas; Mikhaylenko, Andrey; Bornemann, Sarah; Sinapius, Michael; Rauter, Natalie; Lang, Walter; Dietzel, Andreas

doi:10.3390/ecsa-8-11313

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…For structural health monitoring purposes, composite materials can also be fabricated with an integrated sensor network. A micro-oscillator as an integrable sensor for structure-borne ultrasound has been investigated, where the sensor response has been discussed in regard to its usability for SHM [41]. Inefficient integration of these sensors could lead to delamination and debonding between different plies.…”

Section: Foreign Object Embedmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomy of Damage Patterns in Composite Materials, Measuring Signals, and Methods for Automated Damage Diagnostics

2022

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Due to the increasing use of the different composite materials in lightweight applications, such as in aerospace, it becomes crucial to understand the different damages occurring within them during life cycle and their possible inspection with different inspection techniques in different life cycle stages. A comprehensive classification of these damage patterns, measuring signals, and analysis methods using a taxonomical approach can help in this direction. In conjunction with the taxonomy, this work addresses damage diagnostics in hybrid and composite materials, such as fibre metal laminates (FMLs). A novel unified taxonomy atlas of damage patterns, measuring signals, and analysis methods is introduced. Analysis methods based on advanced supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms, such as autoencoders, self-organising maps, and convolutional neural networks, and a novel z-profiling method, are implemented. Besides formal aspects, an extended use case demonstrating damage identification in FML plates using X-ray computer tomography (X-ray CT) data is used to elaborate different data analysis techniques to amplify or detect damages and to show challenges.

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Section: Foreign Object Embedmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomy of Damage Patterns in Composite Materials, Measuring Signals, and Methods for Automated Damage Diagnostics

2022

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“…The developed sensor node is supposed to be suited to work with two entirely different sensor principles: piezoelectric sensors, as used for several previous investigations on SHM using Guided Ultrasonic Waves (GUW) [18][19][20], as well as with an innovative, piezoresistive Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) sensor recently developed for the detection of GUWs in FMLs [21]. Deformation of piezoelectric sensors leads to an accumulation of charges that can be measured as a voltage difference at their electrodes and directly converted by an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) after proper amplification.…”

Section: Sensor Node For Shm Using Ultrasonic Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations and Limits of Embedding Sensor Nodes for Structural Health Monitoring into Fiber Metal Laminates

Bornemann

Lang

2022

Sensors

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The objective of this article is to present the results of our investigations concerning the environmental conditions that can be expected during the embedding process into fibre metal laminates and the consequences for a sensor node for structural health monitoring. The idea behind this investigation is to determine for which manufacturing conditions the integration of sensor nodes into the material can be done and to identify limits for this. The sensor nodes consist of commercially available integrated circuits and passive components soldered onto an adhesive-less flexible printed circuit board. They are tested under conditions above their specified limits, to find out if they are still working reliably after experiencing 155 min of 180 ∘C and 7 bar of pressure. Apart from occurring temperature damage, the effect of surrounding fibres potentially pushing away the components under the amount of pressure of the manufacturing process, as well as the potential of shorts due to conductive fibers are investigated and suitable solutions to prevent this are evaluated. One experiment exceeding the typical requirements of a fiber metal laminate embedding process for structural components will be conducted at 250 ∘C for 10 h, in order to determine the limits of embedding electronic sensor nodes. This time and temperature combination is expected to cause irreversible damage to the electronic system. Results show that it is possible to integrate electronics into materials under conditions far above their specifications when precautions are taken but also that there are limits that must not be exceeded during the embedding process.

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“…Inertial MEMS (micro electro-mechanical system) sensors, in contrast, are based on excitation in the form of displacements of the housing and can therefore be miniaturized to the technical limits. Moreover, glass as a typical MEMS housing material is acoustically much better adapted to the polymer of FML [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, unlike these optical techniques, which only have access to the visible surface of a structure, an MEMS sensor can be embedded to capture information from inside a structure. Therefore, the concept of an MEMS seismometer as embeddable vibrometer for the detection of narrow-band bursts, as used for active SHM using GUW, was recently proposed by the authors [ 11 ]. A GUW detection scheme based on this concept requires a sealed MEMS vibrometer that can be integrated into the layered structure of FML without perturbing the propagating GUW.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MEMS Vibrometer for Structural Health Monitoring Using Guided Ultrasonic Waves

Haus

Lang

Roloff

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Structural health monitoring of lightweight constructions made of composite materials can be performed using guided ultrasonic waves. If modern fiber metal laminates are used, this requires integrated sensors that can record the inner displacement oscillations caused by the propagating guided ultrasonic waves. Therefore, we developed a robust MEMS vibrometer that can be integrated while maintaining the structural and functional compliance of the laminate. This vibrometer is directly sensitive to the high-frequency displacements from structure-borne ultrasound when excited in a frequency range between its first and second eigenfrequency. The vibrometer is mostly realized by processes earlier developed for a pressure sensor but with additional femtosecond laser ablation and encapsulation. The piezoresistive transducer, made from silicon, is encapsulated between top and bottom glass lids. The eigenfrequencies are experimentally determined using an optical micro vibrometer setup. The MEMS vibrometer functionality and usability for structural health monitoring are demonstrated on a customized test rig by recording application-relevant guided ultrasonic wave packages with a central frequency of 100 kHz at a distance of 0.2 m from the exciting ultrasound transducer.

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Micro-Oscillator as Integrable Sensor for Structure-Borne Ultrasound

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Taxonomy of Damage Patterns in Composite Materials, Measuring Signals, and Methods for Automated Damage Diagnostics

Taxonomy of Damage Patterns in Composite Materials, Measuring Signals, and Methods for Automated Damage Diagnostics

Considerations and Limits of Embedding Sensor Nodes for Structural Health Monitoring into Fiber Metal Laminates

MEMS Vibrometer for Structural Health Monitoring Using Guided Ultrasonic Waves

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