Micro-Raman spectroscopy study of blood samples from myocardial infarction patients

Abstract

Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is found to be a major causative factor for global mortality and morbidity. This situation demands necessity of developing efficient and rapid diagnostic tools to detect acute MI. Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive optical diagnostic technique, which has high potential in probing biochemical changes in clinical samples during initiation and progress of diseases. In this work, blood was taken as the sample to examine inflammation in acute MI patients using Raman spectroscopy. Ratio of Raman peak intensities that corresponds to phenylalanine (1000 cm−1) and tyrosine (825 cm−1) can facilitate indirect information about tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) availability, which can indicate inflammatory status in patients. This ratio obtained was higher for MI patients in comparison with control subjects. The decrease in phenylalanine and tyrosine ratio (Phe-Tyr ratio) is attributed to the prognosis of standard of care (medications like antiplatelets including aspirin, statin and revascularisation) leading to inflammation reduction. Phe-Tyr ratio estimated from the Raman spectra of blood can be exploited as a reliable method to probe inflammation due to MI. The method is highly objective, require only microliters of sample and minimal sample preparation, signifying its clinical utility.

Understanding the role of membrane cholesterol upon Epstein Barr virus infection in astroglial cells

“…Likewise, we observed peak width of amide I showed an increase in the EBV-infected cells in the periphery at the initial time points. Additionally, elevated Raman spectra for the Phe-Tyr ratio have been used to measure phenylalanine hydroxylase activity that is indirectly related to immune activation and inflammatory process through tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) ( 64 ). The MβCD treated samples showed an elevation in tyrosine and tryptophane which indicates that EBV potentially alters these amino acids immediately after the infection to circumvent immune responses.…”

The Emerging Role of Raman Spectroscopy as an Omics Approach for Metabolic Profiling and Biomarker Detection toward Precision Medicine

“…Whereas label-free RS has been most prevalent in cancer diagnostics and treatment response, RS has also been used to understand metabolic changes in other disorders, including GI diseases, ,,− cardiac disorders, − and neurodegenerative diseases, ,,− ,, included in this section. We have specifically discussed literature findings, where clinical samples were probed to highlight the clinical relevance of RS in the context of these diseases.…”

Raman-Based Techniques in Medical Applications for Diagnostic Tasks: A Review

“…In Ref. [81], whole blood and blood serum were analyzed as a sample to examine inflammation in 10 acute MI patients in comparison to 10 healthy volunteers. The study revealed that the Raman peaks that correspond to phenylalanine (1000 cm −1 ) and tyrosine (825 cm −1 ) can be exploited as useful spectral signatures to probe the inflammation caused by MI.…”