Micro-Trivium: A lightweight algorithm designed for radio frequency identification systems

Abstract

Distributed sensor networks have been widely applied to healthcare, environmental monitoring and management, intelligent transportation, and other fields in which network sensors collect and transmit information about their surrounding environment. Radio frequency identification technology transmits an object's identification as a unique serial numberusing radio waves as the transmission carrier-and is becoming an important building block for distributed sensor networks. However, the security of radio frequency identification systems is a major industrial concern that can significantly hinder the market growth of distributed sensor networks. Trivium is a well-known lightweight synchronous stream cipher that was submitted to the European eSTREAM project in April 2005. In this article, we generalize Trivium to the Trivium-Model algorithm and highlight that security is mainly determined by the internal state bits and the number of nonlinear terms. We propose principles for choosing parameters and generating better parameters that are feasible for low-cost radio frequency identification tags in distributed sensor networks. The new algorithm, named Micro-Trivium, requires less power and a smaller chip area than the original Trivium, which is proven using experimental data and results. Mathematical analysis shows that using Micro-Trivium is as secure as using Trivium.

MICKEY 2.0.85: A Secure and Lighter MICKEY 2.0 Cipher Variant with Improved Power Consumption for Smaller Devices in the IoT

“…In the Trivium cipher study of [9], the authors attempted to generalize an internal state structure to select the best parameters for making the cipher smaller by reducing the required number of GEs while maintaining a high level of security performance. In general, a high level of cipher security depends on the number of nonlinear components that are involved.…”

“…(The operations described above and depicted in Figures 2-4 make use of these data structures.) 1,3,4,5,6,9,12,13,16,19,20,21,22,25,28,37,38,41,42,45,46…”

“…Table 5 shows that MICKEY 2.0.85 consumed less power than Micro-Trivium. The values of Trivium and Micro-Trivium were obtained from the results in [9]. The relationship between the number of GEs and the power consumption (for all four ciphers in Table 5) is explained by the polynomial of degree of 3 as given below:…”

“…Lightweight cryptosystems provide solutions for issues raised by implementing AES, for example, encryption speed and power consumption.Lightweight stream ciphers, for example, present a more secure solution for small devices, such as microcontrollers and RFID components, namely, RFID tags and RFID readers. Security is needed for small components in important technology, such as sensor networks and IoT technology [6][7][8].Ciphers such as Trivium has been investigated to design scaled-down versions to suit small technology, such as the Micro-Trivium designed by [9]. However, our proposed MICKEY 2.0 cipher variants consume less power and require fewer GEs than other ciphers.…”

“…Ciphers such as Trivium has been investigated to design scaled-down versions to suit small technology, such as the Micro-Trivium designed by [9]. However, our proposed MICKEY 2.0 cipher variants consume less power and require fewer GEs than other ciphers.…”