Microaggression and Moral Cultures

Campbell, Bradley; Manning, Jason Fox

doi:10.1163/15691330-12341332

Cited by 115 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In an age that is increasingly characterized by emphasis on victim inclusion, political correctness, and microaggressions (Campbell and Manning 2014), our findings provide insight into the more subtle ways in which third parties may react to a victim of sexual violence. Whereas Javaid (2015b, p. 275) concluded that Bfeminizing or gendering victimization is mostly seen within labels that are derogatory …, pussies, sissies … and so on,^respondents in the current study feminized the victim in ways that resulted in the attribution of more positive traits and less negative traits.…”

Section: Practice Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 86%

The Feminizing Effect of Sexual Violence in Third-Party Perceptions of Male and Female Victims

2019

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Various scholars have noted that the label Bvictim^frequently elicits connotations of stereotypical, passive femininityespecially when the crime entails rape or other forms of sexual violence. In three online experimental studies, British respondents were recruited to test whether written information about a sexual assault led observers to perceive the victim as more feminine in terms of character traits and facial appearance. Study 1 (n = 139) compared observers' perceptions of a male victim to a man accused of sexual assault and a control condition. Study 2 (n = 165) was a conceptual replication, replacing the male with a female target. Study 3 (n = 278) extended Study 1 by adding a condition with a male victim of physical assault and another with a man who had engaged in consensual homosexual sex in order to assess whether feminizing effects were unique to victimization by sexual assault. Results revealed partial support for the feminization hypothesis. Male and female victims were consistently attributed fewer proscriptive masculine traits than target persons in other conditions, as well as more prescriptive feminine traits than target persons in the accused condition. Results for the feminization of facial features were inconsistent. We discuss potential implications of the results for sexual violence awareness-raising campaigns and understanding victims' potential identity struggles.

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Section: Practice Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 86%

The Feminizing Effect of Sexual Violence in Third-Party Perceptions of Male and Female Victims

2019

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“…Oftentimes, people are accused of seeing oppression where there is none or making a big deal over a “small” action (Sue , ). In fact, much of the public discourse around microaggressions, particularly on college campuses, has turned in this direction, decrying that the focus on microaggressions reflects a new moral “culture of victimhood” (Campbell and Manning , 714–16) or “coddling” of people's emotions and intellectual exposure (Haidt and Lukianoff ). But the harm of microaggressions is not insignificant.…”

Section: Microaggressions and Their Harmmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Microaggressions: Cumulative Harm and Individual Responsibility

Friedlaender¹

2018

Hypatia

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Microaggressions are a new moral category that refers to the subtle yet harmful forms of discriminatory behavior experienced by members of oppressed groups. Such behavior often results from implicit bias, leaving individual perpetrators unaware of the harm they have caused. Moreover, microaggressions are often dismissed on the grounds that they do not constitute a real or morally significant harm. My goal is therefore to explain why microaggressions are morally significant and argue that we are responsible for their harms. I offer a conceptual framework for microaggressions, exploring the central mechanisms used for identification and the empirical research concerning their harm. The cumulative harm of microaggressions presents a unique case for understanding disaggregation models for contributed harms, blame allocation, and individual responsibility within structural oppression. Our standard moral model for addressing cumulative harm is to hold all individual contributors blameworthy for their particular contributions. However, if we aim to hold people responsible for their unconscious microaggressions and address cumulative harm holistically, this model is inadequate. Drawing on Iris Marion Young's social connection model, I argue that we, as individual perpetrators of microaggressions, have a responsibility to respond to the cumulative harm to which we have individually contributed.

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“…For example, on the positive valuation of suffering in Western tradition, see Nietzsche (1998). 12 We have, however, published an editorial elsewhere stating our commitment to academic freedom and preference for norms of dignity we believe conducive to that freedom (Campbell and Manning 2015a).…”

Section: Morality and Value-free Sociologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In December 2014 Comparative Sociology published "Microaggression and Moral Cultures" (Campbell and Manning 2014), in which we addressed the then-new phenomenon of university students and campus activists using online forums to publicize instances of so-called microaggressions -verbal slights and offenses that while individually minor and often unintentional were presented as evidence of the systematic oppression of minority groups. We described how aspects of the phenomenon corresponded to larger categories of conflict and social control, and how aspects of social structure explained why conflict and social control took on this form rather than some other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Campus Culture Wars and the Sociology of Morality

Campbell

Manning

2016

Comp Sociol

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In 2014Comparative Sociologypublished our analysis of microaggression complaints – a comparative and theoretical piece addressing microaggression complaints as a form of social control indicative of a distinct moral culture. The article attracted a surprising amount of attention in popular media, and with this attention came confusion and controversy. Here we respond to popular accounts of our work, addressing common criticisms and confusions as well as the sociological question of why the article produced such strong reactions. We conclude by clarifying the sociology of morality’s role in moral debates and suggesting ways that sociological knowledge can inform debate and guide reform.

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Microaggression and Moral Cultures

Cited by 115 publications

References 61 publications

The Feminizing Effect of Sexual Violence in Third-Party Perceptions of Male and Female Victims

The Feminizing Effect of Sexual Violence in Third-Party Perceptions of Male and Female Victims

On Microaggressions: Cumulative Harm and Individual Responsibility

Campus Culture Wars and the Sociology of Morality

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