Microalgae and probiotic bacteria as biofloc inducers in a hyper-intensive Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) culture

Abstract

Biofloc systems in Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) culture generate floccules that remove wastes, and hence, biofloc formation is promoted for shrimp production. This study evaluated the induction of biofloc formation using microalgae and probiotic bacteria in hyper-intensive Pacific white shrimp culture. The experiment was performed for six weeks in tanks (28,000 L each) stocked 350 ind m-3 and weight of 1400 ± 30 mg. Three treatments were assessed: 1) with two diatoms: Grammatophora sp. and Navicula sp., 2) with Navicula sp., and 3) without diatoms. All treatments were added with Schizochytrium sp. and Lactobacillus fermentum TD19. The following parameters were monitored during culture: ammonium, nitrites, nitrates, environmental variables, floccules volume, microorganism presence, the bromatological composition of biofloc, and growth performance parameters of P. vannamei. Our results indicated that the three induced biofloc presented a similar volume (8.34 ± 4.8 mL L-1) and ammonium concentration (<1.0 mg L-1). Treatment 1 generated floccules with the highest concentration of ciliates, rotifers, nematodes, lactic acid bacteria, and the lowest concentration of Vibrio spp. (1.2×103 UFC mL-1), evidencing a significant difference in bromatological composition, with the highest protein and lipid values (28.12 ± 0.50 and 22.44 ± 0.80% biofloc dry weight, respectively) and the best feed conversion ratio (0.89). Based on these results, we suggest that Schizochytrium sp., L. fermentum, and two diatoms should be used to induce biofloc in a hyper-intensive culture of P. vannmaei in order to provide a supplementary nutritional intake, which can constitute an advantage to reduce commercial feed rations.

Growth, Production, and Feeding Efficiency of Freshwater, Longarm River Prawn Macrobrachium tenellum at Different Densities in Nursery Phase Culture under Intensive Conditions

“…As per the static system utilized in the study, the concentration of nitrates in the water was found to increase from the beginning of the study to its termination at 45 d. However, nitrates had low concentrations (Furtado et al 2015) due to the presence of microalgae from the genus Scenedesmus and genus Volvox , which tolerate the nitrogen concentrations obtained in our study (Esparza et al 2016; Han et al 2019). These contribute to the reduction of the concentration of nitrates (Jiménez‐Ordaz et al 2021). This succession of microalgae was associated with the color changes and the reduced transparency of the water with the culture time.…”

The role of probiotics in vannamei shrimp aquaculture performance – A review

“…Probiotics are also used in biofloc systems for vannamei shrimp production [ 82 , 85 ] and have been shown to maintain good water quality in these systems as well. The probiotics promote water quality through nitrification and denitrification and induce biofloc formation [ 97 ]. Biofloc is a collection of various organisms (e.g., bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, and worms) and organic matter that are incorporated in a floc.…”

Supplementation of Ex-Situ Biofloc to Improve Growth Performance and Enhance Nutritional Values of the Pacific White Shrimp Rearing at Low Salinity Conditions

“…Unlike amino acid profiles, not all of the fatty acid content of the commercial pellet was higher than that of ex-situ biofloc (Table 6). A total of 32 fatty acids (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) were detected in the commercial pellet, whereas all except for erucic acid (22:1n9) and Cis-13,16-docosadienoic acid (22:2) were detected in ex-situ biofloc. While both feeds share some common major fatty acids (Palmitic acid (16:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1), oleic acid (18:1n9c) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n3; EPA)), other major fatty acids were different.…”

“…Benefits of biofloc technology have been shown to improve water quality [13][14][15], increase growth in shrimp culture [16,17], protect against pathogenic Vibrio [18][19][20] and provide supplementary nutritional intake to many aquatic animals [12,21,22]. Generally, one of the microbial communities in biofloc, genera of Bacillus, also has the potency to help in the digestion and absorption process in the gut of shrimp by breaking down the larger particles into smaller ones and results in better growth [19].…”