Microalgae as a Source of Bioenergy: Products, Processes and Economics

Pires, José C.M.; Lawal, Adeniyi; Henrard, Adriano Seizi Arruda; Lekuona-Amundarain, Aitor; Lizzul, Alessandro Marco; Bassi, Amarjeet; Malik, Arunima; Khoo, Choon Gek; Bengoa, Christophe; Serna, Daissy Lorena Restrepo; Parra, Daniela; Oatley-Radcliffe, Darren L.; Vandamme, Dries; Jacob‐Lopes, Eduardo; Torrens, Esther; Morais, Etiele Greque de; Batista, Fabiana Regina Xavier; Gonçalves, Ígor Severo; Manganaro, James L.; Costa, Jorge Alberto Vieira; Vásquez, Juan Carlos Higuita; Ferreira, Juliana de Souza; Lee, Keat Teong; Zepka, Leila Queiroz; Laurens, Lieve M.L.; Zhou, Lin; Reijnders, L.; Ramírez-Mérida, Luis G.; Moraes, Luiza; Lam, Man Kee; Caporgno, Martín P.; Chen-Glasser, Melodie; Wang, Meng; Gong, Mengyue; Morais, Michele Greque de; Lovitt, Robert W.; Serna, Sebastián; Yedahalli, Shreyas; Öncel, Suphi Ş.; Ekins-Coward, Thea; Cardoso, Vicelma Luiz; Hu, Yulin

doi:10.2174/97816810852271170101

Recent Advances in Renewable Energy

2017

DOI: 10.2174/97816810852271170101

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Microalgae as a Source of Bioenergy: Products, Processes and Economics

José C.M. Pires¹,

Adeniyi Lawal²,

Adriano Seizi Arruda Henrard³

et al.

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Biofuels, Water Footprints, and Green Perspectives

Reijnders

2019

Encyclopedia of Water

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Biofuels that are applied using advanced conversion technologies are promoted as green alternative to fossil fuels. The water footprint, the freshwater consumption, linked to current life cycles of such biofuels is much larger than the corresponding consumption associated with fossil fuels. Wind‐ and photovoltaic energy are also characterized by water footprints that are much lower than the corresponding consumption linked to biofuels. Food production and biofuel production increasingly compete for scarce freshwater resources and freshwater stress may increase when biofuel production expands. Availability of freshwater may be a limiting factor in biofuel production. Biofuel life cycles can also be associated with substantial water pollution burdens of nitrate, phosphate, pesticides, and organic substances. On the other hand, it has been proposed to use wastewater for the production of microalgal biofuels. So far, however, no full‐scale production based on this proposal that meets standards achieved by state‐of‐the‐art wastewater treatment facilities has been reported. In many respects relevant to green perspectives, except the consumption of geochemically scarce mineral resources, solar and wind‐based technologies tend to outperform biofuel‐based energy supply technologies. There would seem to be a case for modest expectations as to the share of biofuels that are applied using advanced conversion technologies in future energy supply.

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Biofuels, Water Footprints, and Green Perspectives

Reijnders

2019

Encyclopedia of Water

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Microalgae as a Source of Bioenergy: Products, Processes and Economics

Cited by 1 publication

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Biofuels, Water Footprints, and Green Perspectives

Biofuels, Water Footprints, and Green Perspectives

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