Microalgae biodiesel: A review on oil extraction, fatty acid composition, properties and effect on engine performance and emissions

Deshmukh, Suchit; Kumar, Ritunesh; Kiran, Boggavarapu

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2019.03.013

Cited by 238 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…Since hexane resulted in a poor oil yield of both species of microalgae, different solvents were used to extract the microalgae cells. Instead of using a single solvent, a mixture of solvents was used based on the recommendations of previous research [17,58]. The goal of using a mixture of polar and non-polar solvent was to achieve maximum extraction efficacy compared to an earlier stage where only non-polar hexane was used.…”

Section: Lipid Extraction Maximizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Extraction Maximization and Enzymatic Synthesis of Biodiesel from Microalgae

et al. 2020

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Microalgae has received overwhelming attention worldwide as a sustainable source for energy generation. However, the production of biofuel from microalgae biomass consists of several steps, of which lipid extraction is the most important one. Because of the nature of feedstock, extraction needs special attention. Three different methods were studied to extract algal oil from two different algae variant, Chlorella sp. and Spirulina sp. The highest percentage oil yield was obtained by ultrasonication (9.4% for Chlorella sp., 6.6% for Spirulina sp.) followed by the Soxhlet and solvent extraction processes. Ultrasonication and Soxhlet extraction processes were further optimized to maximize oil extraction as solvent extraction was not effective in extracting lipid. For ultrasonication, an amplitude of 90% recorded the highest percentage yield of oil for Spirulina sp. and a 70% amplitude recorded the highest percentage yield of oil for Chlorella sp. On the other hand, for Soxhlet extraction, a combination of chloroform, hexane, and methanol at a 1:1:1 ratio resulted in the highest yield of algal oil. Afterward, the crude algae oil from the ultrasonication process was transesterified for 5 h using an immobilized lipase (Novozyme 435) at 40 °C to convert triglycerides into fatty acid methyl ester and glycerol. Thus, ultrasonic-assisted lipid extraction was successful in producing biodiesel from both the species.

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Section: Lipid Extraction Maximizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Extraction Maximization and Enzymatic Synthesis of Biodiesel from Microalgae

et al. 2020

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“…Extraction, in general, is a process of separating the active substance from a solid or a liquid by using solvents [8]. Parameters such as the ratio of biomass to solvent, temperature, and time spent during the extraction process also affect the yield of oil obtained [3]. Along with the efforts to make biodiesel production costs effective and energy efficient, an important consideration is to make sure that all the operations, materials, and techniques involved are environmental-friendly [9].…”

Section: Extraction Process With the Soxhlet Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Isochrysis galbana has the most oil content, but based on an easily available source, Nannochloropsis sp. becomes an option to become a FAME biofuel [3].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…2 Tanti Irma Nuraini, Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya, Surabaya, 60117, Indonesia. 3 Yustia Wulandari Mirzayanti, Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya, Surabaya, 60117, Indonesia. Email: yustiawulandari_che@itats.ac.id of microalgae is dominated by fat as a raw material for biodiesel [4].…”

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Study Literature of Extraction Lipid Method from Microalgae Nannochloropsis sp

Nuraini

Putri

Mirzayanti

2020

IJOE

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⎯ Biodiesel is a promising alternative fuel obtained from plant oils and animal fats through the esterification process with alcohol. Lipid microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. can be used as raw material for the production of biodiesel or biofuel with oil content in the microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. as much as 21.3-32.7% so, it has the potential to be used as a raw material in making biodiesel. Biodiesel produced from microalgae biomass is the most suitable alternative fuel for the future and environmentally friendly fuel. In microalgae lipid extraction, Nannnochloropsis sp. using several process aids such as autoclave, microwave, and soxhlet. Different types of solvents are used to determine the% yield of lipids present in microalgae. Extraction was carried out to compare the extraction method using autoclave, microwave, and soxhlet to obtain the best method that produced the most substantial % lipid. An autoclave obtained the most abundant lipid yield with n-hexane solvent with a ratio of 3: 1 solvent and algal oil. Thus, this review describes the lipid extraction of the microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. with various extraction aids and different solvent types related to lipid production over the past few years.

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“…Lipid extraction by supercritical CO2 is also an interesting alternative that offers multiple advantages [37]; however, at the moment it is not economically feasible at the large-scale. Other novel methods are being studied at the lab-scale, such as ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and the use of ionic liquids or bio-based solvents [38]. The FAME extraction yield is highly dependent on the biomass composition, the extraction method used, the solvent/s chosen and their ratios, variables such as temperature and process time, and biomass to solvent/s ratios ( Table 2).…”

Section: Biodiesel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of Microalgae and Energy Resources

González-López¹,

García-Cuadra²,

Jawiarczyk³

et al. 2020

Sustainable Mobility

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Microalgae biotechnology has grown very rapidly in the last few decades due to the multiple applications that these microorganisms have from pharmaceuticals and cosmetics to foods/feeds and biofuels. One of the main challenges in expanding this industry is to enlarge the single use of the biomass produced in addition to reducing the high biomass production cost of the current technologies. To overcome this bottleneck, the development of microalgae-based biorefineries has been proposed. The issue is to obtain as many bioproducts as possible from the cultivated biomass, including biofuels. Consequently, biodiesel production (from the lipid fraction), bioethanol (from carbohydrate fraction), and biogas or bio-oil (from the whole biomass) have been posited. In this book chapter, we review the current state of the art in the production of sustainable biofuels from microalgae and analyze the potential of microalgae to contribute to the biofuel sector.

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Microalgae biodiesel: A review on oil extraction, fatty acid composition, properties and effect on engine performance and emissions

Cited by 238 publications

References 122 publications

Lipid Extraction Maximization and Enzymatic Synthesis of Biodiesel from Microalgae

Lipid Extraction Maximization and Enzymatic Synthesis of Biodiesel from Microalgae

Study Literature of Extraction Lipid Method from Microalgae Nannochloropsis sp

Valorization of Microalgae and Energy Resources

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