Microalgae biomass conversion into biofuel using modified HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst: A review

Nuhma, Mustafa Jawad; Alias, Hajar; Tahir, Muhammad Bilal; Jazie, Ali A.

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.320

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The two zeolites produced more biodiesel over three reaction cycles than 96% of the time, while Ce/HUSY even maintained yields above 99%. Borges and others [17]. As a result of using a catalyst to transform zeolite into mesoporous beta zeolite, the triglyceride conversion rate rose from 17.7% to 100%.…”

Section: Amberlyst-15mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Due to the similarities in the reaction mechanisms between the two reactions, certain other solid acid catalysts that have been extensively explored for the manufacture of oil-based biodiesel may have application in the production of sludge-based biodiesel. Zeolites and zeoeype materials, solid acid catalysts supported by organic polymers, and catalysts based on carbon are some examples of the catalysts [17] .Investigated types zeolites Ce/HUSY and HUSY as biodiesel production catalysts in ethanol and soybean oil. The two zeolites produced more biodiesel over three reaction cycles than 96% of the time, while Ce/HUSY even maintained yields above 99%.…”

Section: Amberlyst-15mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent trends on sewage sludge transesterification: review

Jumah,

Jazie

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The need for non-existent or low-cost sources to be a feedstock for the biodiesel industry as a source of lipids has led to the trend of sewage sludge (containing high fat content) and thinking about it and finding ways to benefit from it. On the other hand, he use of sludge is an environmental treatment, as it rids the environment of tons of sludge produced daily and a solution to a problem for treatment plants that were looking for ways and solutions to get rid of it and save the cost of getting rid of it and converting it into clean and promising energy. It was found that the sewage sludge in all its primary and secondary types is a feedstock rich in free fatty acids (FFA), which is the raw material for the production of biodiesel, while treating it with one of the types of catalyst alcohols. According to a review of previous studies, it was found that acidic catalysts are most suitable for biodiesel production from sewage sludge, because sewage sludge has a free fatty acid content of 65-70%, which is a high percentage. It is a severely high percentage of free fatty acids found in pure vegetable oils that do not exceed 5%. The heterogeneous acid catalysts were preferred over the homogeneous ones because of the satisfactory results they provided and the high productivity of biodiesel compared to the homogeneous ones, and they are more economical as they can be reused more than once, but also many times. Reacting sewage sludge lipids with a type of catalyst alcohol and forming biodiesel called transesterification or esterification, and it may be traditional or in-site, and in-site is more important and economical than conventional. It was found from previous references that heterogeneous catalysts in general and zeolite types in particular are the most suitable for oil extracted from sewage sludge. Where The yield reached 100% using a type of zeolite.

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Section: Amberlyst-15mentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Amberlyst-15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent trends on sewage sludge transesterification: review

Jumah,

Jazie

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…For instance, ZSM-5 zeolite acts as a powerful catalyst and/or supports a wide variety of crucial reactions. ZSM-5 has a wide specified area thanks to its ion exchange properties and distinctive pore creation, such as the micro three-dimensional porosity structure [9]. Lewis sites are often the surface basic sites of the zeolite.…”

Section: Htl Catalysis Using Zeolitementioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal liquefaction of animal by product waste using zeolite catalyst: A Mini-review

Hassan,

Jazie

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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In view of the worldwide challenges posed by rising pollution and fossil fuel usage, it is imperative that we adopt a new energy strategy that makes use of all available refuse and vegetation to generate electricity. This is the safest and most effective way to address this worldwide issue. The process of hydrothermal liquefaction converting dry and moist material, such as (agricultural and animal waste, algae, and foodstock waste) into bio-crude in the presence of high temps and pressure in a watery medium is a potential technology in the area of renewable energy. When producing bio-crude, it is better to use solvents and catalysts to improve biomass liquefaction and boost output. As such, this review provided a brief overview of the research into the mechanism of HTL processes and biomass represented by animal by-products, their transformation, and the production of bio-crude; the effect and effectiveness of zeolite used as a catalyst in the hydrothermal liquefaction process; the energy efficiency of the process; and the effect of parameters such as heat, pressure, and process residence time; all with the goal of developing better pathways.

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“…Exploration into biofuels that can be made from both edible and non-edible biomass and that can be grown in several different ways has recently emerged as a promising avenue for addressing the world’s pressing energy needs [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. The biggest problem, though, is that it uses up valuable farmland at a time when the world needs to focus on feeding its population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ce-Loaded HZSM-5 Composite for Catalytic Deoxygenation of Algal Hydrolyzed Oil into Hydrocarbons and Oxygenated Compounds

et al. 2022

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Despite the extensive research into the catalytic uses of zeolite-based catalysts, these catalysts have a limited useful lifetime because of the deactivating effect of coke production. This study looks at the use of Cerium (Ce) loaded HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts in the hydrocarbon and oxygenated chemical conversion from Chlorella Vulgaris microalgae crude oil. Characterization of structure, morphology, and crystallinity was performed after the catalysts were manufactured using the impregnation technique. Soxhlet extraction was carried out to extract the crude oil of microalgae. Transesterification reaction was used to produce algal hydrolyzed oil (HO), and the resulting HO was put to use in a batch reactor at 300 °C, 1000 rpm, 7 bars of nitrogen pressure, a catalyst to the algal HO ratio of 15% (wt. %), and a retention time of 6 h. To determine which Ce-loaded HZSM-5 catalysts would be most effective in converting algal HO into non-oxygenated molecules (hydrocarbons), we conducted a series of tests. Liquid product characteristics were analyzed for elemental composition, higher heating value (HHV), atomic ratios of O/C and H/C, and degree of deoxygenation (DOD%). Results were categorized into three groups: product yield, chemical composition, and carbon number distribution. When Cerium was added to HZSM-5 zeolite at varying loading percentages, the zeolite’s acid sites became more effective in facilitating the algal HO conversion. The results showed that 10%Ce/HZSM-5 had the greatest conversion of the algal HO, the yield of hydrocarbons, HHV, and DOD% (98.2%, 30%, 34.05 MJ/Kg, and 51.44%, respectively) among all the synthesized catalysts in this research. In conclusion, the physical changes seen in the textural characteristics may be attributed to Cerium-loading on the parent HZSM-5; nevertheless, there is no direct association between the physical features and the hydrocarbons yield (%). The primary impact of Cerium alteration of the parent HZSM-5 zeolite was to change the acidic sites required to boost the conversion (%) of the algal HO in the catalytic deoxygenation process, which in turn increased the hydrocarbons yield (%), which in turn increased the HHV and DOD%.

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Microalgae biomass conversion into biofuel using modified HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst: A review

Cited by 17 publications

References 48 publications

Recent trends on sewage sludge transesterification: review

Recent trends on sewage sludge transesterification: review

Hydrothermal liquefaction of animal by product waste using zeolite catalyst: A Mini-review

Ce-Loaded HZSM-5 Composite for Catalytic Deoxygenation of Algal Hydrolyzed Oil into Hydrocarbons and Oxygenated Compounds

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