Microalgae harvesting for wastewater treatment and resources recovery: A review

de Morais, Etiele Greque; Sampaio, Igor Carvalho Fontes; Gonzalez-Flo, Eva; Ferrer, Ivet; Uggetti, Enrica; García, Joan

doi:10.1016/j.nbt.2023.10.002

Cited by 34 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…Additionally, organic pollutants such as pesticides, industrial chemicals, pathogens, and viruses can cause infection and damage microalgae cells. The instability of pH, temperature, salinity, suspended solids, and low oxygen levels further imposes stress and potential harm to microalgae growth (De Morais et al 2023 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Produced water treatment by semi-continuous sequential bioreactor and microalgae photobioreactor

Khairuddin,

Khan,

Sankaran

et al. 2024

Bioresour. Bioprocess.

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Produced water (PW) from oil and gas exploration adversely affects aquatic life and living organisms, necessitating treatment before discharge to meet effluent permissible limits. This study first used activated sludge to pretreat PW in a sequential batch reactor (SBR). The pretreated PW then entered a 13 L photobioreactor (PBR) containing Scenedesmus obliquus microalgae culture. Initially, 10% of the PW mixed with 90% microalgae culture in the PBR. After the exponential growth of the microalgae, an additional 25% of PW was added to the PBR without extra nutrients. This study reported the growth performance of microalgae in the PBR as well as the reduction in effluent’s total organic carbon (TOC), total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), and heavy metals content. The results demonstrated removal efficiencies of 64% for TOC, 49.8% for TDS, and 49.1% for EC. The results also showed reductions in barium, iron, and manganese in the effluent by 95, 76, and 52%, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Produced water treatment by semi-continuous sequential bioreactor and microalgae photobioreactor

Khairuddin,

Khan,

Sankaran

et al. 2024

Bioresour. Bioprocess.

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“…It costs 20-50 USD per kg and 7280 USD to harvest a ton of microalgae; however, it can be optimized for coating, functionalizing micro and nanospheres, and dual harvesting with additional flocculants like clay. Changing chitosan into nano-chitosan can reduce costs to $24.6 per ton, making biodiesel production economically feasible (de Morais et al, 2023). Cationic starch is also a synthetic organic polymer that can be used to harvest C. vulgaris (Huang et al, 2019).…”

Section: Harvesting Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metal salts like ferric sulfate, aluminum sulfate, and ferric chloride are non-polymeric chemicals used in microalgae flocculation. Aluminum sulfate is cost-effective, costs 28 USD per ton (de Morais et al, 2023), but requires high doses, potentially leading to biomass contamination with aluminum or iron (Ummalyma et al, 2016). Physical flocculation using ultrasound, electro-flocculation, and magnetic nanoparticles was also suggested to overcome the chemical drawbacks; nevertheless, some have disadvantages as well.…”

Section: Harvesting Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, there are recent efforts to lower the cost and energy consumption of magnetic nanoparticle synthesis and minimize the utilization of reagents during the harvesting process to make it more practical for the industrial scale. It was documented that the lowest cost is 347 USD per ton by magnetic nanoparticle fabrication and modification using arginine (de Morais et al, 2023). Coated and naked magnetic nanoparticles were compared for C. vulgaris harvesting, detachment, and recycling of the nanoparticles.…”

Section: Harvesting Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New insights into Chlorella vulgaris applications

Al‐Hammadi,

Güngörmüşler

2024

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Environmental pollution is a big challenge that has been faced by humans in contemporary life. In this context, fossil fuel, cement production, and plastic waste pose a direct threat to the environment and biodiversity. One of the prominent solutions is the use of renewable sources, and different organisms to valorize wastes into green energy and bioplastics such as polylactic acid. Chlorella vulgaris, a microalgae, is a promising candidate to resolve these issues due to its ease of cultivation, fast growth, carbon dioxide uptake, and oxygen production during its growth on wastewater along with biofuels, and other productions. Thus, in this article, we focused on the potential of Chlorella vulgaris to be used in wastewater treatment, biohydrogen, biocement, biopolymer, food additives, and preservation, biodiesel which is seen to be the most promising for industrial scale, and related biorefineries with the most recent applications with a brief review of Chlorella and polylactic acid market size to realize the technical/nontechnical reasons behind the cost and obstacles that hinder the industrial production for the mentioned applications. We believe that our findings are important for those who are interested in scientific/financial research about microalgae.

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“…This potential is mainly attributed to the high-salinity tolerance, excellent pollutant removal capacity, absence of secondary pollution, and ability to generate high-value microalgae biomass [5][6][7][8][9]. However, due to microalgae's low photosynthetic efficiency under natural conditions, microalgae ponds used for treating MW need to be as large as possible to allow for complete nutrient removal [10]. With this magnitude comes an increase in the occupied land area and investment costs [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytohormone Supplementation for Nutrient Removal from Mariculture Wastewater by Oocystis borgei in Sequential Batch Operation

Liu,

Deng,

Song

et al. 2024

Water

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To enhance the nutrient removal efficiency of Oocystis borgei for mariculture wastewater (MW), the effects and processes of three phytohormones on nitrogen and phosphorus removal from synthetic mariculture wastewater (SMW) by O. borgei under sequential batch operation were compared. The findings revealed that the supplementation with 10−6 M 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), and zeatin (ZT) resulted in the most effective elimination, while there was no appreciable difference among them. The nitrogen and phosphorus indices of the effluent dramatically reduced (p < 0.01) upon the supplementation of phytohormones, and the removal effects were ranked as NO3−-N > PO43−-P > NH4+-N > NO2−-N. The removal rates for NH4+-N and PO43−-P were 0.72–0.74 mg·L−1·d−1 and 1.26–1.30 mg·L−1·d−1, respectively. According to physiological studies, phytohormones enhanced the levels of photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm and φPSII), thereby improving photosynthetic activity. Additionally, they stimulated Nitrate Reductase (NR) and Glutamine Synthetase (GS) activities to promote nitrogen metabolism and increased Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and carotenoid contents to mitigate oxidative stress damage caused by abiotic stress. These activities contribute to the proliferation of O. borgei, which in turn resulted in an increase in the assimilation of nitrogen and phosphorus from SMW. In conclusion, phytohormone supplementation significantly increased nutrient removal from SMW by O. borgei in a sequential batch reactor, which has potential application in MW treatment.

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Microalgae harvesting for wastewater treatment and resources recovery: A review

Cited by 34 publications

References 133 publications

Produced water treatment by semi-continuous sequential bioreactor and microalgae photobioreactor

Produced water treatment by semi-continuous sequential bioreactor and microalgae photobioreactor

New insights into Chlorella vulgaris applications

Phytohormone Supplementation for Nutrient Removal from Mariculture Wastewater by Oocystis borgei in Sequential Batch Operation

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