Microalgae in Food-Energy-Water Nexus: A Review on Progress of Forward Osmosis Applications

Wibisono, Yusuf; Nugroho, Wahyunanto Agung; Devianto, Luhur Akbar; Sulianto, Akhmad Adi; Bilad, Muhammad Roil

doi:10.3390/membranes9120166

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Microalgae is effective to remove N and P and is generally envisioned as tertiary WW treatment; although using a bacteria-microalgae consortium also allows for chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal [ 92 , 93 ]. A recent review discussed applications of FO for microalgae which can be multiplied [ 94 ]; FO can be envisioned as a harvesting technology (concentration up to 1–5%). When compared to other membranes (UF/MF), the benefits of FO are the higher selectivity and nutrient removal rate from the water [ 95 , 96 ].…”

Section: Applications Of Fo As Concentrating Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forward Osmosis as Concentration Process: Review of Opportunities and Challenges

et al. 2020

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In the past few years, osmotic membrane systems, such as forward osmosis (FO), have gained popularity as “soft” concentration processes. FO has unique properties by combining high rejection rate and low fouling propensity and can be operated without significant pressure or temperature gradient, and therefore can be considered as a potential candidate for a broad range of concentration applications where current technologies still suffer from critical limitations. This review extensively compiles and critically assesses recent considerations of FO as a concentration process for applications, including food and beverages, organics value added compounds, water reuse and nutrients recovery, treatment of waste streams and brine management. Specific requirements for the concentration process regarding the evaluation of concentration factor, modules and design and process operation, draw selection and fouling aspects are also described. Encouraging potential is demonstrated to concentrate streams more than 20-fold with high rejection rate of most compounds and preservation of added value products. For applications dealing with highly concentrated or complex streams, FO still features lower propensity to fouling compared to other membranes technologies along with good versatility and robustness. However, further assessments on lab and pilot scales are expected to better define the achievable concentration factor, rejection and effective concentration of valuable compounds and to clearly demonstrate process limitations (such as fouling or clogging) when reaching high concentration rate. Another important consideration is the draw solution selection and its recovery that should be in line with application needs (i.e., food compatible draw for food and beverage applications, high osmotic pressure for brine management, etc.) and be economically competitive.

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Section: Applications Of Fo As Concentrating Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forward Osmosis as Concentration Process: Review of Opportunities and Challenges

et al. 2020

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“…In the food industry, membrane technology has been widely applied, for instance, in the process of clarification and increasing the concentration of beverages made from agricultural products [1,2]. Food elements and constituents could be separated by membranes, especially in the range of microfiltration and ultrafiltration membrane pores [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cacao Pod Husk Extract Phenolic Nanopowder-Impregnated Cellulose Acetate Matrix for Biofouling Control in Membranes

et al. 2021

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The ultrafiltration membrane process is widely used for fruit juice clarification, yet the occurring of fouling promotes a decline in process efficiency. To reduce the fouling potential in the membrane application in food processing, the use of natural phenolic compounds extracted from cocoa pod husk is investigated. The cocoa pod husk extract (CPHE) was prepared in phenolic nanoparticles form and added into the polymer solution at varying concentrations of 0.5 wt%, 0.75 wt%, and 1.0 wt%, respectively. The composite membrane was made of a cellulose acetate polymer using DMF (dimethylformamide) and DMAc (dimethylacetamide) solvents. The highest permeability of 2.34 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 was achieved by 1.0 wt% CPHE/CA prepared with the DMAc solvent. CPHE was found to reduce the amount of Escherichia coli attached to the membranes by 90.5% and 70.8% for membranes prepared with DMF and DMAc, respectively. It is concluded that CPHE can be used to control biofouling in the membrane for food applications.

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“…While there have been a couple of review papers in recent years concerning the basic principles of FO [21][22][23][24], draw solutions [22,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31], applications [21,25,27,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39], (bio)fouling [22,25,26,30,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46], membrane fabrication [19,23,30,35,39,43,47,48], or upscaling [49,50], we, for the major part of this review, discuss the challenges of FO evidences from various literatures to prove the unreliability of the existing structural parameter approaches. In addition, we will highlight that, beyond a certain water permeability, the true bottleneck is the mechanical support of the membrane instead of the selective membrane layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forward Osmosis: A Critical Review

et al. 2020

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The use of forward osmosis (FO) for water purification purposes has gained extensive attention in recent years. In this review, we first discuss the advantages, challenges and various applications of FO, as well as the challenges in selecting the proper draw solution for FO, after which we focus on transport limitations in FO processes. Despite recent advances in membrane development for FO, there is still room for improvement of its selective layer and support. For many applications spiral wound membrane will not suffice. Furthermore, a defect-free selective layer is a prerequisite for FO membranes to ensure low solute passage, while a support with low internal concentration polarization is necessary for a high water flux. Due to challenges affiliated to interfacial polymerization (IP) on non-planar geometries, we discuss alternative approaches to IP to form the selective layer. We also explain that, when provided with a defect-free selective layer with good rejection, the membrane support has a dominant influence on the performance of an FO membrane, which can be estimated by the structural parameter (S). We emphasize the necessity of finding a new method to determine S, but also that predominantly the thickness of the support is the major parameter that needs to be optimized.

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Microalgae in Food-Energy-Water Nexus: A Review on Progress of Forward Osmosis Applications

Cited by 16 publications

References 95 publications

Forward Osmosis as Concentration Process: Review of Opportunities and Challenges

Forward Osmosis as Concentration Process: Review of Opportunities and Challenges

Cacao Pod Husk Extract Phenolic Nanopowder-Impregnated Cellulose Acetate Matrix for Biofouling Control in Membranes

Forward Osmosis: A Critical Review

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