Microalgal biomass-assisted delivery of probiotics for modulation of gut homeostasis and alleviation of intestinal inflammation

Melanin Nanoparticle-Modified Probiotics for Targeted Synergistic Therapy of Ulcerative Colitis

“…Human normal colonic epithelial cells (NCM 460) and macrophages (RAW 264.7) were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Both cells were cultured separately according to the methods reported in the literature. ,, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to stimulate the cellular inflammation model.…”

“…The use of probiotics to modulate intestinal homeostasis has gained significant acceptance in clinical practice, including Bifidobacterium -related drugs and Lactobacillus -related drugs, − such as Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. fermentum (Lf) probiotics. , However, the probiotics must be able to withstand the challenging conditions of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), including gastric acid and bile salts, and successfully reach the gut to achieve the desired therapeutic effect on UC. , Therefore, in order to improve the bioactivity and intestinal retention of probiotics, various methods such as chitosan, liposomes, mucins, polyphenols, and biofilms have been developed and have been used to create protective coatings on the microbial surface. − Zhang et al established SP@BC by attaching chitosan-assembled probiotic strains to spirulina via electrostatic self-assembly, which significantly improved intestinal permeability and restored intestinal microbial homeostasis . Liu et al utilized biointerfacial supramolecular self-assembly technology to encapsulate intestinal microorganisms and achieved improved survival of probiotics against environmental attack .…”

In Situ Formed Microalgae-Integrated Living Hydrogel for Enhanced Tumor Starvation Therapy and Immunotherapy through Photosynthetic Oxygenation

“…Serving as natural oxygenerators, living microalgae have found increasing application in diverse biomedical settings in recent years . For instance, microalgae could generate O 2 to reoxygenate hypoxia areas in wounds, thereby promoting cell proliferation and tissue repair. − Additionally, microalgae successfully rescued the hypoxia organs like brain and ischemic heart through photosynthesis. , Moreover, these biomedical applications, along with other in vivo uses of microalgae, demonstrate their promising in vivo biocompatibility. − Therefore, microalgae can be utilized as a desirable living material for in vivo photosynthetic oxygenation, to collaboratively enhance O 2 -dependent tumor therapies.…”