Microalgal Carotenoids: Therapeutic Application and Latest Approaches to Enhance the Production

Sirohi, Priyanka; Verma, Hariom; Singh, Sandeep; Singh, Vipin Kumar; Pandey, Jyoti; Khusharia, Saksham; Kumar, Dharmendra; Kaushalendra,; Teotia, Pratibha; Kumar, Ajay

doi:10.3390/cimb44120427

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 204 publications

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“…In C. reinhardtii , several researches have been conducted to genetically manipulate carotenoids biosynthesis, mainly including the overexpression of endogenous genes and foreigner genes from Chlorella zofingiensis , D. salina, Haematococcus pluvialis , and Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous to promote carotenoids production [ 31 , 32 ]. Without exception, no bacteria-driven genes that were widely used in E. coli for carotenoids production were attempted to be used in C. reinhardtii or other microalgae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of β-carotene content in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by expressing bacterium-driven lycopene β-cyclase

Huang,

Liu,

et al. 2023

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Abstractβ-Carotene is one of the economically important carotenoids, having functions as the antioxidant to remove harmful free radicals and as the precursor for vitamin A and other high-valued xanthophyll such as zeaxanthin and astaxanthin. Lycopene cyclase plays an important role in the branching of β-carotene and α-carotene. Aiming to develop the microalgae with enhanced β-carotene productivity, the CrtY gene from bacterium Pantoea agglomerans was integrated into Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The lycopene-producing E. coli harboring CrtY gene produced 1.59 times of β-carotene than that harboring DsLcyb1 from Dunaliella salina (a microalga with abundant β-carotene), confirming the superior activity of CrtY on β-carotene biosynthesis. According to the pigment analysis by HPLC, in microalgal transformants that were confirmed by molecular analysis, the expression of CrtY significantly increased β-carotene content from 12.48 mg/g to 30.65 mg/g (dry weight), which is about 2.45-fold changes. It is noted that three out of five transformants have statistically significant higher amount of lutein, even though the increment was 20% in maximum. Besides, no growth defect was observed in the transformants. This is the first report of functional expression of prokaryotic gene in eukaryotic microalgae, which will widen the gene pool targeting carotenoids biosynthesis using microalgae as the factory and thereby provide more opportunity for high-valued products engineering in microalgae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of β-carotene content in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by expressing bacterium-driven lycopene β-cyclase

Huang,

Liu,

et al. 2023

Biotechnol Biofuels

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“…It is worth noting that the results of biomass and growth in plastic bags with thicknesses of 10 microns and 7.5 microns were not significantly different from their counterparts in glass basins or glass tubes (Figure 2). A similar study that compared plastic bags, glass columns, and glass tanks as closed photobioreactors for microalgae also recommended the use of plastic bags on the basis of their appropriate biomass productivity and economic cost [30]. Hence, based on the obtained results and taking into account the price of plastic bags, the rest of the experiments were performed using plastic bags with a thickness of 10 microns as cultivation containers for the oleaginous microalga S. obliquus.…”

Section: Screening Different Cultivation Containers For Microalgal Gr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Scenedesmus obliquus Cultivation in Plastic-Type Flat Panel Photobioreactor for Biodiesel Production

Abdel-Baset,

Matter,

Ali

2024

Sustainability

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A plastic-type flat panel photobioreactor (PTFPP) prototype was designed for microalgae cultivation as biodiesel feedstock. The growth, biomass, and lipid production of the oleaginous microalga Scenedesmus obliquus were optimized through the enhanced design and cultivation conditions in the PTFPP. The optimization conditions include cultivation of the microalga in a flat panel photobioreactor manufactured from a 10 µm-thick plastic sheet with dimensions of 40 cm in width and 60 cm in height. The width of the designed plastic bags was adjusted by “4 ports” of circular adhesion points which make the volumetric cultural capacity 5 L. Cultivation of the microalga was optimized through the replacement of the sodium nitrate of the BBM medium with urea as a nitrogen source. Cultivation bags were subjected to continuous illumination with 3000 lux white, fluorescent lamps and aerated with 1.5 L air/min (equal to 0.3 VVM). Biomass production from the designed PTFPP reached 3 g/L with around 40% lipid content (on a dry weight basis). Based on a GC-MS analysis of the produced fatty acid methyl ester (biodiesel) from S. obliquus, the percentage of C16 and C18 fatty acids reached more than 90% of the defined fatty acids. Out of this percentage, 66.6% were unsaturated fatty acids. The produced fatty acid profile of the S. obliquus biomass cultivated in the designed PTFPP prototype could be considered a suitable feedstock for biodiesel production.

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“…Carbon and nitrogen are essential to the growth of microalgae, and urea is a source of both carbon and nitrogen [67,68]. The growth and lutein content of Chlorella sp.…”

Section: Chlorella Sp Was Cultured In Fertilizer With the Urea Supple...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low-Cost Fertilizer Medium Supplemented with Urea for the Lutein Production of Chlorella sp. and the Ability of the Lutein to Protect Cells against Blue Light Irradiation

et al. 2023

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This study aimed to investigate the use of organic fertilizers instead of modified f/2 medium for Chlorella sp. cultivation, and the extracted lutein of the microalga to protect mammal cells against blue-light irradiation. The biomass productivity and lutein content of Chlorella sp. cultured in 20 g/L fertilizer medium for 6 days were 1.04 g/L/d and 4.41 mg/g, respectively. These values are approximately 1.3- and 1.4-fold higher than those achieved with the modified f/2 medium, respectively. The cost of medium per gram of microalgal biomass reduced by about 97%. The microalgal lutein content was further increased to 6.03 mg/g in 20 g/L fertilizer medium when supplemented with 20 mM urea, and the cost of medium per gram lutein reduced by about 96%. When doses of ≥1 μM microalgal lutein were used to protect mammal NIH/3T3 cells, there was a significant reduction in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the cells in the following blue-light irradiation treatments. The results show that microalgal lutein produced by fertilizers with urea supplements has the potential to develop anti-blue-light oxidation products and reduce the economic challenges of microalgal biomass applied to carbon biofixation and biofuel production.

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Microalgal Carotenoids: Therapeutic Application and Latest Approaches to Enhance the Production

Cited by 23 publications

References 204 publications

Enhancement of β-carotene content in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by expressing bacterium-driven lycopene β-cyclase

Enhancement of β-carotene content in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by expressing bacterium-driven lycopene β-cyclase

Enhanced Scenedesmus obliquus Cultivation in Plastic-Type Flat Panel Photobioreactor for Biodiesel Production

A Low-Cost Fertilizer Medium Supplemented with Urea for the Lutein Production of Chlorella sp. and the Ability of the Lutein to Protect Cells against Blue Light Irradiation

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