Microalgal cell disruption for biofuel development

Halim, Ronald; Harun, Razif; Danquah, Michael K.; Webley, Paul A.

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.08.048

Cited by 299 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Freeze-drying is one of the most commonly used techniques prior to extraction of high-value products because of its mild operating conditions. Freeze-drying also enhances the efficiency of lipid extraction after milling (Halim et al, 2012b). Alternatively, the combination of ultrasonication or other disruption methods with different solvent systems to increase the efficiency and decrease the energy demand is interesting for the mild microalgae biorefinery (Passos et al, 2015b).…”

Section: Combined Methods For Cell Wall Disruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell disruption technologies

Dhondt

Martín-Juárez

Bolado

et al. 2017

Microalgae-Based Biofuels and Bioproducts

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IntroductionAlgal cell walls separate the inside cell content from the environment to protect the cell against desiccation, pathogens, and predators while still allowing exchange of compounds. Toward application of algae biomass as a sustainable resource, disruption of this cell wall (¼cell disruption) is an essential pretreatment step to maximize product recovery in downstream processes of the algae biorefinery. Also for direct use of algae in feed or food, cell rupture is required to increase the bioavailability of algae constituents. Depending on the cell wall structure, the size, and the shape of algae, cell disruption can be challenging. A variety of cell disruption methods is currently available, and new approaches are being elaborated in parallel. Since downstream processing is responsible for a large part of the operational costs in the whole production chain, cell disruption technologies should be low cost and energy efficient and result preferably in high product quality. This chapter provides information on cell wall types and gives an overview of physical-mechanical and (bio-)chemical cell disruption technologies with attention to development stage, energy efficiency, product quality, costs, emerging approaches, and applicability on large scale. Cell wall types in various groups of microalgae and cyanobacteriaThe cell wall composition and architecture of algae and cyanobacteria are highly variable ranging from tiny membranes to multilayered complex structures. Despite the importance of algal cell wall properties in biotechnology, little structural information is available for most species (Scholz et al., 2014). Based on the complexity of surface structures, four cell types could be distinguished (Barsanti and Gualtieri, 2006;Lee, 2008) (Fig. 6.1). A simple cell membrane (Fig. 6.1, Type 1) is present in short-lived stages (e.g., gametes), chrysophytes, raphidophytes, green algae Dunaliella, and haptophytes Isochrysis. It consists of a lipid bilayer with integrated and peripheral proteins. Sometimes a cap of glycolipids and glycoproteins envelops the outer surface of cell membrane. Cell membranes with additional extracellular material are known in cyanobacteria and many groups of algae, including palmelloid phases. It is the most diverse cell wall type that includes various membrane-associated structures (cell wall, Microalgae-Based Biofuels and Bioproducts. http://dx

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Section: Combined Methods For Cell Wall Disruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell disruption technologies

Dhondt

Martín-Juárez

Bolado

et al. 2017

Microalgae-Based Biofuels and Bioproducts

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“…For the production of microalgal biofuels such as biodiesel or ethanol, the intracellular lipid and/or carbohydrate needs to be extracted before they can be converted to fuel. Cell disruption can increase the amount of intracellular lipids extractable from some species of microalgae by up to threefold (Halim et al 2012;Keris-Sen et al 2014;Lee et al 2010b;Olmstead et al 2013;Samarasinghe et al 2012). However, these inclusions and other cell structures are bound by a cell membrane and/or wall (Barsanti et al 2007) with tensile strength in the order of 10 9 Pa (Allard et al 2002;Carpita 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Microalgal cell disruption by hydrodynamic cavitation for the production of biofuels

2014

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Cell disruption is an essential pre-treatment for the efficient extraction of many types of intracellular metabolites such as proteins, carbohydrates, DNAs or lipids; but the high process energy requirement becomes an important issue for low valued commodities such as biofuels. Current mechanical cell disruption methods such as high-pressure homogeniser or sonication require energy input in the order of hundreds of MJ kg −1 of the dry mass; in addition, these methods do not have the capacity suitable for biofuel production where daily processing volumes are in order of mega litres. This study investigated hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) as a cell disruption technique, with levels of disruption determined by i) lipids extracted and ii) the chlorophyll released. It was found that for the lipid extraction, HC has a disruption energy requirement of 3 MJ kg −1 . This amount of energy requirement is more efficient than sonication by a factor of 10; however, it still represents nearly 13 % of the total energy in the biomass and is too high for the production of biofuels. The cell disruption by HC is essentially periplasmic, i.e. mainly confined to the cell wall and membrane. This result suggests that damage to the outer cell barrier such as the cell wall was sufficient to allow for the diffusion of solvents for lipid extraction.

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“…The influence of the solvent on lipid yield was not significant (p>0.05). However, Halim et al (2012b) suggested that the level of cell disruption during sonication could be species dependent. Both extraction methods were slightly more efficient after applying cell disruption techniques.…”

Section: Growth Parameter Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Methods of Microalgal Biomass Pretreatment

Piasecka¹,

Krzemińska²,

Tys³

2014

International Agrophysics

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The prospect of depletion of natural energy resources on the Earth forces researchers to seek and explore new and alternative energy sources. Biomass is a composite resource that can be used in many ways leading to diversity of products. Therefore, microalgal biomass offers great potential. The main aim of this study is to find the best physical method of microalgal biomass pretreatment that guarantees efficient lipid extraction. These studies identifies biochemical composition of microalgal biomass as source for biodisel production. The influence of drying at different temperatures and lyophilization was investigated. In addition, wet and untreated biomass was examined. Cell disruption (sonication and microwave) techniques were used to improve lipid extraction from wet biomass. Additionally, two different extraction methods were carried out to select the best method of crude oil extraction. The results of this study show that wet biomass after sonication is the most suitable for extraction. The fatty acid composition of microalgal biomass includes linoleic acid (C18:2), palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linolenic acid (C18:3), and stearic acid (C18:0), which play a key role in biodiesel production.

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Microalgal cell disruption for biofuel development

Cited by 299 publications

References 18 publications

Cell disruption technologies

Cell disruption technologies

Microalgal cell disruption by hydrodynamic cavitation for the production of biofuels

Physical Methods of Microalgal Biomass Pretreatment

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