Microanatomical Record of Cortical Bone Remodeling and High Vascularity in a Fossil Giant Rat Midshaft Femur

Miszkiewicz, Justyna J.; Louys, Julien; O’Connor, Sue

doi:10.1002/ar.24224

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(111 reference statements)

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“…These inferences of extinct taxa rely on our understanding of the histology of extant species (e.g., Köhler et al, 2012), which has shown that key life history traits like birth, growth rate, age at maturity, and age at death are recorded in the bone microstructure (Amprino, 1947; Chinsamy et al, 1995; de Margerie et al, 2002; Castanet et al, 2004; Chinsamy and Valenzuela, 2008; Erismis and Chinsamy, 2010; Marín-Moratalla et al, 2013; Kolb et al, 2015b; Jordana et al, 2016; Nacarino-Meneses et al, 2016a; Montoya-Sanhueza and Chinsamy, 2017; Nacarino-Meneses and Köhler, 2018). In extinct mammals, palaeohistological investigations have focussed on bones of extinct rodents (Geiger et al, 2013; Kolb et al, 2015b; Orlandi-Oliveras et al, 2016; Garrone et al, 2019; Miszkiewicz et al, 2019, 2020), lagomorphs (Kolb et al, 2015b; Moncunill-Solé et al, 2016), hedgehogs (Kolb et al, 2015b), wombats (Walker et al, 2020), hippos (Kolb et al, 2015b), seals (Woolley et al, 2019), bovids (Köhler and Moyà-Solà, 2009; Marín-Moratalla et al, 2011), cervids (Amson et al, 2015; Kolb et al, 2015a; Lyras et al, 2016, 2019), ursids (Veitschegger et al, 2018), and equids (Sander and Andrássy, 2006; Martínez-Maza et al, 2014; Orlandi-Oliveras et al, 2018; Nacarino-Meneses and Orlandi-Oliveras, 2019; Zedda et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone histology, palaeobiology, and early diagenetic history of extinct equids from Turkey

et al. 2020

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Bone histology has proved to be a valuable tool to obtain information about the palaeobiology and early taphonomic history of fossil vertebrates. However, there are still many extinct taxa for which bone histology studies could be applied to deduce information about their life history and early diagenetic changes. Here, we partially fill this gap by studying bone microstructure and bone micropreservation in the third metapodia of Hipparion and Equus recovered from several Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene localities in Turkey. Our histological analysis reveals that most of the bone cortices under study are composed of a well-vascularized fibrolamellar bone. Furthermore, we record the presence of compact coarse cancellous bone in a Hipparion metatarsal. In terms of histological preservation, our findings provide supporting evidence that differences in moisture, oxygen, and/or temperature during fossilisation at the different localities impacted the quality of bone preservation. Bacterial bioerosion was extensive in the samples, and we also identified a specific tunnelling morphology that we tentatively consider to be damage caused by freshwater algae. The present study provides novel insight into the palaeobiology and early diagenetic history of extinct horses from Turkey and sets the stage for further research in this area.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone histology, palaeobiology, and early diagenetic history of extinct equids from Turkey

et al. 2020

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“…We then followed standard methods for the preparation of fossil material for histological thin sectioning (e.g. Mahoney et al, 2017;Miszkiewicz et al, 2019Miszkiewicz et al, , 2020Walker et al, 2020). The tooth was embedded in an epoxy resin solution and left to set overnight in 25 mm Buehler SamplKups ® that had been coated with a release agent.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crocodile Tooth Histology from a Pliocene Deposit in Chinchilla, Queensland

Campbell¹,

Price²,

Louys³

et al. 2021

Proc. R. Soc. Qld.

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“…Martiniaková et al (2005Martiniaková et al ( , 2006 found no secondary osteons in rats, aged 4-6 months. The only conclusive evidence for Haversian remodeling in a rat outside of that which was experimentally induced, comes from the femur of a fossil giant rat (Miszkiewicz et al, 2019), which displayed numerous secondary osteons. The authors claimed that the giant femur is indicative of a body size and skeletal frame "well above" that of common rats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of secondary osteons in femora of aged rats: Implications of lifespan on Haversian remodeling in mammals

Lad

2023

Journal of Morphology

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Bone is a dynamic tissue capable of adapting to its loading environment, allowing the skeleton to remain structurally sound throughout life. One way adaptation occurs in mammals is via Haversian remodeling: the site-specific, coupled resorption and formation of cortical bone that results in secondary osteons. Remodeling occurs at a baseline rate in most mammals, but it also occurs in relation to strain by repairing deleterious microdamage. Yet, not all animals with bony skeletons remodel. Among mammals, there is inconsistent or absent evidence for Haversian remodeling among monotremes, insectivores, chiropterans, cingulates, and rodents. Three possible explanations for this disparity are discussed: the capacity for Haversian remodeling, body size as a constraint, and age and lifespan as constraints. It is generally accepted, although not thoroughly documented, that rats (a common model used in bone research) do not typically exhibit Haversian remodeling. The present aim is to more specifically test the hypothesis that rats of advanced age do remodel intracortically because of the longer lifespan over which baseline remodeling could occur. Most published histological descriptions of rat bone only include young (3-6 months) rats.Excluding aged rats possibly overlooks a transition from modeling (i.e., bone growth) to Haversian remodeling as the primary mode of bone adaptation. Here, midshaft and distal femora (typical sites for remodeling in other mammals) of 24-month-old rats were examined for presence of secondary osteons. None were found, suggesting that Haversian remodeling does not occur in rats under normal physiological conditions at any age. A likely explanation is that modeling of cortical bone continues throughout most of the short rat lifespan, negating the stimulus for Haversian remodeling. Thorough sampling of key rodent taxa of varying body sizes and lifespans is key to elucidating the reasons why (i.e., body size, age/lifespan, phylogenetic factors) Haversian remodeling might not occur in all mammals.

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Microanatomical Record of Cortical Bone Remodeling and High Vascularity in a Fossil Giant Rat Midshaft Femur

Abstract: This is the author manuscript accepted for publication and has undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as

Cited by 10 publications

References 71 publications

Bone histology, palaeobiology, and early diagenetic history of extinct equids from Turkey

Bone histology, palaeobiology, and early diagenetic history of extinct equids from Turkey

Crocodile Tooth Histology from a Pliocene Deposit in Chinchilla, Queensland

Absence of secondary osteons in femora of aged rats: Implications of lifespan on Haversian remodeling in mammals

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