Microarray Expression Profile Analysis of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Human Gastric Cardiac Adenocarcinoma

171

141

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequently occurring cancers with poor prognosis, and novel diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC are urgently required. With the advance of high-resolution microarrays and massively parallel sequencing technology, lncRNAs are suggested to play critical roles in the tumorigenesis and development of human HCC. To date, dysregulation of many HCC-related lncRNAs such as HULC, HOTAIR, MALAT1, and H19 have been identified. From transcriptional “noise” to indispensable elements, lncRNAs may re-write the central dogma. Also, lncRNAs found in body fluids have demonstrated their utility as fluid-based noninvasive markers for clinical use and as therapeutic targets for HCC. Even though several lncRNAs have been characterized, the underlying mechanisms of their contribution to HCC remain unknown, and many important questions about lncRNAs need resolving. A better understanding of the molecular mechanism in HCC-related lncRNAs will provide a rationale for novel effective lncRNA-based targeted therapies. In this review, we highlight the emerging roles of lncRNAs in HCC, and discuss their potential clinical applications as biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring and treatment of HCC.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Prospects of Long Noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Li¹,

Chen²,

Zhang³

et al. 2015

171

141

“…But more and more studies have revealed that lncRNAs play significant roles in a large range of biological processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis [10,11,12,13,14]. Moreover, they are also important factors in pathophysiology including cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Non-Coding RNA MEG3 Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer

Luo

Wang

et al. 2015

158

128

Background/Aims: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in diverse biological processes, such as cell growth, apoptosis and migration. Although downregulation of lncRNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) has been identified in several cancers, little is known about its role in prostate cancer progression. The aim of this study was to detect MEG3 expression in clinical prostate cancer tissues, investigate its biological functions in the development of prostate cancer and the underlying mechanism. Methods: MEG3 expression levels were detected by qRT-PCR in both tumor tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues from 21 prostate cancer patients. The effects of MEG3 on PC3 and DU145 cells were assessed by MTT assay, colony formation assay, western blot and flow cytometry. Transfected PC3 cells were transplanted into nude mice, and the tumor growth curves were determined. Results: MEG3 decreased significantly in prostate cancer tissues relative to adjacent normal tissues. MEG3 inhibited intrinsic cell survival pathway in vitro and in vivo by reducing the protein expression of Bcl-2, enhancing Bax and activating caspase 3. We further demonstrated that MEG3 inhibited the expression of cell cycle regulatory protein Cyclin D1 and induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase. Conclusions: Our study presents an important role of MEG3 in the molecular etiology of prostate cancer and implicates the potential application of MEG3 in prostate cancer therapy.

“…As localized to the nucleus, lncRNAs have the potential capabilities of modulating chromatin or functioning as genetic expression regulators. Aberrant expression of several lncRNAs is related to carcinogenesis, and dysregulation of them participate in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis in various types of human cancers，such as gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, etc [21,22,23]. LncRNAs regulate various molecular signaling pathways via changing gene expression, and therefore, dysregulation of their expression may be implicated in general mechanisms of carcinogenesis [24].…”

Section: Lncrnas Biogenesis and Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Role and Promise of Long Noncoding RNAs in Lung Cancer Treatment

Chen

Pan

et al. 2016

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death around the world. The advanced discovery of numerous long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) has dramatically changed the understanding of biology of human cancers, including lung cancer. LncRNAs are a group of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) with a length greater than 200 nucleotides with limited or no protein-coding capacity. Increasing evidence has shown that specific lncRNAs may be implicated in the process of tumorigenesis. Because of their roles in the regulation of multiple molecular pathways associated with changes in gene expression, lncRNAs can serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets in lung cancer. Importantly, dysregulated lncRNAs is reported to be correlated with the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to anticancer therapies, including chemotherapy, molecular-targeted therapy, etc. Herein, we review the recent progress of lncRNAs in lung cancer, with a particular focus on the multiple molecular roles of regulatory lncRNAs on the molecular signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis and the resistance to such therapies.