Microarray profiling of gene expression in human adipocytes in response to anthocyanins

Tsuda, Takanori; Ueno, Yuki; Yoshikawa, Toshikazu; Kojo, Hitoshi; Osawa, Toshihiko

doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2005.12.042

Cited by 153 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…C3G, or its aglycon Cy, was reported to upregulate the expression of adiponectin, which increases insulin sensitivity in rat white adipose tissue and in human adipocytes (Tsuda et al, 2004(Tsuda et al, , 2006. However, these findings have not yet been supported by in vivo results.…”

Section: Health Benefits Of Anthocyaninscontrasting

confidence: 46%

Anthocyanins as Functional Food Factors— Chemistry, Nutrition and Health Promotion —

Tsuda

2012

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Anthocyanins are widely known as pigments responsible for the rich reds and purples in fruits, vegetables and legume seeds. Many flower colors are also attributed to anthocyanins. The physiological functions of anthocyanins as components in food have attracted attention, and research on their bioavailability and physiological functionality has progressed over the last 20 years. This review focuses on the health benefits of anthocyanins. It first describes the chemistry, metabolism, and absorption of anthocyanins and next summarizes the trends in research on the anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects of anthocyanins. It then describes the other health benefits of anthocyanins, namely, the prevention of cancer and improvement of visual and brain functions, and finally discusses the challenges in and prospects of anthocyanin research.Keywords: anthocyanin, bioavailability, diabetes, obesity, cancer, vision, brain function Abbreviations: AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; BA, blackcurrant anthocyanins; BBE, bilberry extract; CS, Caffeoylsophorose; Cy, cyanidin; C3G, cyanidin 3-glucoside; Del, delphinidin; Glut4, glucose transporter 4; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor; RBP4, retinol-binding protein 4; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; WBP, whole blueberry powder *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: tsudat@isc.chubu.ac.jp IntroductionAnthocyanins are widely known as pigments responsible for the rich reds and purples in fruits such as apples, strawberries, and blueberries, as well as in eggplants, perilla herbs, and legume seeds. Many flower colors are also attributed to anthocyanins (Harborne and Grayer, 1988). In food chemistry, anthocyanins have been studied in relation to changes and stability of colors in foods such as fruits during processing and storage and also for their use as natural colorants. Indeed, many types of anthocyanin food colorants have been developed and are now available to customize the appearance of foods. In horticulture, color conversion of flower pigments has become possible based on new findings of anthocyanin research. Creation of flowers in new colors enriches our life; for example, the creation of blue roses is a noteworthy achievement (Tanaka et al., 2010). Genetic engineering is the key technology for converting flower color, and it became possible after the discovery of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis and elucidation of their expression mechanisms. In addition to the above properties and mechanisms, the physiological functions of anthocyanins as components in food, have attracted attention, and research on their bioavailability and physiological functionality has progressed over the last 20 years.This review focuses on the health benefits of anthocyanins. It first describes the chemistry, metabolism, and absorption of anthocyanins and next summarizes the trends in research on the anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects of anthocyanins. It then describes the other health benefits of anthocyanins, namely, the pr...

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Section: Health Benefits Of Anthocyaninscontrasting

confidence: 46%

Anthocyanins as Functional Food Factors— Chemistry, Nutrition and Health Promotion —

Tsuda

2012

FSTR

Self Cite

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“…In addition, chronic central or systemic oxytocin increases epididymal white adipose tissue expression of hormone sensitive lipase (a key mediator of adipocyte lipolysis) (1, 23) while reducing expression of fatty acid synthase (an enzyme linked to lipogenesis) in rats (1). While it remains to be determined whether chronic CNS infusions of oxytocin increase circulating levels (23) in sufficient concentrations to trigger a peripheral effect on lipolysis, it is possible that these effects in our model may be attributed, in part, to a direct effect on adipocytes (60,83,94) where OTRs are expressed (1,31,32,60,83,94,101) or an indirect mechanism. The mechanism underlying these effects may involve outgoing polysynaptic sympathetic nervous system projections from PVN oxytocin neurons to both inguinal (86) and epididymal white adipose tissue (86,89).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic CNS oxytocin signaling preferentially induces fat loss in high-fat diet-fed rats by enhancing satiety responses and increasing lipid utilization

Blevins

Thompson²,

Anekonda³

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

131

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-Based largely on a number of short-term administration studies, growing evidence suggests that central oxytocin is important in the regulation of energy balance. The goal of the current work is to determine whether long-term third ventricular (3V) infusion of oxytocin into the central nervous system (CNS) is effective for obesity prevention and/or treatment in rat models. We found that chronic 3V oxytocin infusion between 21 and 26 days by osmotic minipumps both reduced weight gain associated with the progression of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and elicited a sustained reduction of fat mass with no decrease of lean mass in rats with established diet-induced obesity. We further demonstrated that these chronic oxytocin effects result from 1) maintenance of energy expenditure at preintervention levels despite ongoing weight loss, 2) a reduction in respiratory quotient, consistent with increased fat oxidation, and 3) an enhanced satiety response to cholecystokinin-8 and associated decrease of meal size. These weightreducing effects persisted for approximately 10 days after termination of 3V oxytocin administration and occurred independently of whether sucrose was added to the HFD. We conclude that long-term 3V administration of oxytocin to rats can both prevent and treat dietinduced obesity. obesity; food intake; energy expenditure; oxytocin PUBLISHED DATA suggest that in addition to its well-recognized peripheral effects on uterine contraction during parturition and milk ejection during lactation (33), the nonapeptide oxytocin plays an important role in the regulation of energy homeostasis (23,53,59,103,104). Transgenic mice with deficient oxytocin (18) or oxytocin receptor (OTR) signaling (93) exhibit adult-onset obesity, and copy number variations associated with the OTR gene (OXTR) are linked with an early-onset obesity phenotype in humans (96). Furthermore, impaired oxytocin release within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is evident in dietinduced obese (DIO) mice (103), which could lead to defects in peripheral release of oxytocin, and potentially explain the decreased circulating levels in DIO mice (103, 104), genetically obese rodents (32, 73), as well as obese humans and individuals with Type 2 diabetes (74). Moreover, the pathogenesis of PraderWilli syndrome, a rare human genetic disorder characterized by hyperphagia and severe obesity, is linked to a reduced size and number of PVN oxytocin neurons (91). Importantly, both acute and chronic administration of oxytocin is sufficient to bypass impaired leptin signaling to reduce weight gain or body weight in both DIO (23,53,59,103,104) and genetically obese rodent models (1,42,47,54,59,73) as well as weight loss in DIO rhesus monkeys (10) and humans (105). While collectively these findings are indicative of an important physiological role for oxytocin in energy homeostasis, the mechanisms underlying this function have not been fully elucidated.The effects of central nervous system (CNS) administration of oxytocin to reduce body weight gai...

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“…10) Recent reports that the mRNA level of UCP2 increased in KK-A y mice, an animal model of type 2 diabetes, fed with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids 37) as well as in human adipocytes in response to anthocyanins 38) suggest the possible role of UCP2 as an anti-obesity drug target.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-obesity Effects of Juniperus chinensis Extract Are Associated with Increased AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Expression and Phosphorylation in the Visceral Adipose Tissue of Rats

Kim

Jung

Kim

et al. 2008

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Microarray profiling of gene expression in human adipocytes in response to anthocyanins

Cited by 153 publications

References 32 publications

Anthocyanins as Functional Food Factors— Chemistry, Nutrition and Health Promotion —

Anthocyanins as Functional Food Factors— Chemistry, Nutrition and Health Promotion —

Chronic CNS oxytocin signaling preferentially induces fat loss in high-fat diet-fed rats by enhancing satiety responses and increasing lipid utilization

Anti-obesity Effects of Juniperus chinensis Extract Are Associated with Increased AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Expression and Phosphorylation in the Visceral Adipose Tissue of Rats

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