Microbe-host interactions: Influence of the gut microbiota on the enteric nervous system

Hyland, Niall P.; Cryan, John F.

doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.06.027

Cited by 150 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…(Rosenblat, Cha, Mansur, & McIntyre, 2014) (Leboyer et al, 2016). The immune system provides a two way communication pathway between the gut and the brain via the vagus nerve, short chain fatty acids, and a number of soluble mediators(Erny, de Angelis, & Prinz, 2016; Hyland & Cryan, 2016; Levite, 2016; Sherwin, Sandhu, Dinan, & Cryan, 2016). It has been established that the gut microbiota can influence brain function and thus may play a role in diseases such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder which are traditionally seen as brain-based (Fond et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microbiome, immunity, and schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Dickerson

Severance

Yolken

2017

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

218

128

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Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are serious neuropsychiatric disorders of uncertain etiology. Recent studies indicate that immune activation may contribute to the etiopathogenesis of these disorders. Numerous studies in animal models indicate that the mucosal microbiome may influence cognition and behavior by altering the functioning of the immune system. It is thus likely that the microbiome plays a role in human psychiatric disorders. The study of immune alterations and the microbiome in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is in its infancy. Two recent investigations of the oro-pharyngeal microbiota in schizophrenia found differences between cases and controls. Other studies have found increased gastrointestinal inflammation in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder based on measures of microbial translocation. Several studies have also found an association between the receipt of antibiotics and an increased incidence of psychiatric disorders, perhaps due to alterations in the microbiome. Studies to characterize the intestinal microbiome of individuals with these disorders are in progress. The ultimate test of the role of the microbiome and immune-mediated pathology in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder will come from clinical trials of therapeutic agents which alter gut microbiota or gastrointestinal inflammation. The successful development of such modalities would represent a novel strategy to prevent and treat serious psychiatric disorders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microbiome, immunity, and schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Dickerson

Severance

Yolken

2017

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

218

128

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“…Indeed, the hypothesis that alterations in gut microbiota may lead to the onset of acute or chronic diseases, both in the gut and in the brain, has been proposed by several groups (Foster and McVey Neufeld, 2013;Kabouridis and Pachnis, 2015;Hyland and Cryan, 2016). Specifically, several studies have shown that changes in microbiota composition may be related to functional or psychiatric disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (Kennedy et al, 2014), autism and cognitive impairment (Mayer et al, 2014;Fröhlich et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic‐induced dysbiosis of the microbiota impairs gut neuromuscular function in juvenile mice

Caputi

Marsilio

Filpa

et al. 2017

British J Pharmacology

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEGut microbiota is essential for the development of the gastrointestinal system, including the enteric nervous system (ENS). Perturbations of gut microbiota in early life have the potential to alter neurodevelopment leading to functional bowel disorders later in life. We examined the hypothesis that gut dysbiosis impairs the structural and functional integrity of the ENS, leading to gut dysmotility in juvenile mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHTo induce gut dysbiosis, broad-spectrum antibiotics were administered by gavage to juvenile (3weeks old) male C57Bl/6 mice for 14 days. Bile acid composition in the intestinal lumen was analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Changes in intestinal motility were evaluated by stool frequency, transit of a fluorescent-labelled marker and isometric muscle responses of ileal full-thickness preparations to receptor and non-receptor-mediated stimuli. Alterations in ENS integrity were assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. KEY RESULTSAntibiotic treatment altered gastrointestinal transit, luminal bile acid metabolism and bowel architecture. Gut dysbiosis resulted in distorted glial network, loss of myenteric plexus neurons, altered cholinergic, tachykininergic and nitrergic neurotransmission associated with reduced number of nNOS neurons and different ileal distribution of the toll-like receptor TLR2. Functional defects were partly reversed by activation of TLR2 signalling. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSGut dysbiosis caused complex morpho-functional neuromuscular rearrangements, characterized by structural defects of the ENS and increased tachykininergic neurotransmission. Altogether, our findings support the beneficial role of enteric microbiota for ENS homeostasis instrumental in ensuring proper gut neuromuscular function during critical stages of development. Abbreviations

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“…The development and function of the enteric nervous system (ENS) are partly regulated by the intestinal microbiota, and evolving evidence suggests this interaction may regulate intestinal immune responses . Enteric neuroimmune responses can be mediated by both neurons and glial cells .…”

Section: Implications For Neurogastroenterologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Necrotizing enterocolitis

Sanchez

Kadrofske

2019

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an acute inflammatory disease of the intestine which primarily affects preterm infants and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal intensive care unit. From a clinical standpoint, and during the early course of the disease, NEC can be difficult to distinguish from other diseases and conditions common to the preterm infant, and this warrants the need for specific disease biomarkers. The pathogenesis of NEC is only partly understood but likely involves an altered intestinal barrier immune response to feeding and the developing microbiome. Recent evidence points toward a role of the enteric nervous system in NEC pathogenesis. In this issue, Meister and colleagues use a rodent model of NEC to demonstrate that NEC is associated with diminished vagal tone, as determined by decreased high‐frequency heart rate variability (HF‐HRV), and altered myenteric nitrergic inhibitory neurotransmission. These results augment their previous findings that describe decreased HF‐HRV in human preterm infants with NEC. This mini‐review provides a brief summary of clinical and pathophysiologic aspects of NEC with focus on certain aspects of neurogastroenterology.

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Microbe-host interactions: Influence of the gut microbiota on the enteric nervous system

Cited by 150 publications

References 51 publications

The microbiome, immunity, and schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

The microbiome, immunity, and schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Antibiotic‐induced dysbiosis of the microbiota impairs gut neuromuscular function in juvenile mice

Necrotizing enterocolitis

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