Microbend Resolution Enhancing Technique for Fiber Optic Based Sensing and Monitoring of Landslides

Aulakh, Navneet Singh; Chhabra, J. K.; Singh, Nahar; Jain, Subhash C.

doi:10.1111/j.1747-1567.2004.tb00162.x

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…To overcome the aforementioned issues, potentiometric extensometers detect displacement using a variable resistance mechanism, where a movable arm makes electrical contact along a fixed resistance strip. This type has the advantage that the wiring can be buried [61]. Crawford et al [62] used a cable-extension transducer, which is a stainless-steel cable connected to a potentiometer housed in a protective casing, where the voltage output is then transformed to a linear absolute displacement.…”

Section: Movement-monitoring Devices Extensometer Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later investigations employed numerous analog inclinometers or a series of digital in-place inclinometers positioned at different depths inside these pipes for continuous measurement. Inclinometers, however, are difficult to install, laborious, lack sensitivity, and are vulnerable to environmental dangers [10,61]. Using an inclinometer to determine the precise location of sliding surfaces is limited by the spatial vertical resolution [68,69], especially when the shear band thickness is small [35].…”

Section: Inclinometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each time delay value is associated with a specific position along the fiber. Thus, in principle, backscattering and back reflections may be calculated in terms of their magnitude and pinpointed in terms of the distance along the connection [61]. Figure 14 is an example of a return signal obtained by using an OTDR system.…”

Section: Acoustic Emission (Ae)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first generation of optical fiber has an unsatisfactory spatial distribution of twenty meters (one optical fiber was used to pass through a whole capillary steel pipe, with a suitable length of fiber left outside the pipe); it used a base material of PVC with no filler material within. To increase the spatial resolution, Aulakh et al [61] developed a micro bend resolution-enhancer method that can improve the OTDR resolution up to 10 times. To increase the measuring range, Zhu et al [47] created the second generation "combined optic fibre transducer" (COFT), with the base material being expansile polyester ethylene (EPS).…”

Section: Acoustic Emission (Ae)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Phenomenal and Investigational Subsurface Landslide Monitoring Techniques: A Mixed Review

Ebrahim,

Gomaa,

Zayed

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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Landslides are a common and challenging geohazard that may be caused by earthquakes, rainfall, or manmade activity. Various monitoring strategies are used in order to safeguard populations at risk from landslides. This task frequently depends on the utilization of remote sensing methods, which include the observation of Earth from space, laser scanning, and ground-based interferometry. In recent years, there have been notable advancements in technologies utilized for monitoring landslides. The literature lacks a comprehensive study of subsurface monitoring systems using a mixed review approach that combines systematic and scientometric methods. In this study, scientometric and systematic analysis was used to perform a mixed review. An in-depth analysis of existing research on landslide-monitoring techniques was conducted. Surface-monitoring methods for large-scale landslides are given first. Next, local-scale landslide subsurface monitoring methods (movement, forces and stresses, water, temperature, and warning signs) were examined. Next, data-gathering techniques are shown. Finally, the physical modeling and prototype field systems are highlighted. Consequently, key findings about landslide monitoring are reviewed. While the monitoring technique selection is mainly controlled by the initial conditions of the case study, the superior monitoring technique is determined by the measurement accuracy, spatiotemporal resolution, measuring range, cost, durability, and applicability for field deployment. Finally, research suggestions are proposed, where developing a superior distributed subsurface monitoring system for wide-area monitoring is still challenging. Interpolating the complex nonlinear relationship between subsurface monitoring readings is a clear gap to overcome. Warning sign systems are still under development.

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Section: Movement-monitoring Devices Extensometer Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inclinometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acoustic Emission (Ae)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acoustic Emission (Ae)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Recent Phenomenal and Investigational Subsurface Landslide Monitoring Techniques: A Mixed Review

Ebrahim,

Gomaa,

Zayed

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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show abstract

“…For example, Aulakh et al used a microbend optical sensor to detect the landslides, and the location of landslides can be found with the help of the OTDR. [53] Donlagic et al built a microbend sensor as a distributed and quasi-distributed system with a single-mode multimode single-mode structure. The optical power loss was 3-6 times higher than the traditional microbend sensor.…”

Section: Other Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Principle and Architectures of Optical Stress Sensors and the Progress on the Development of Microbend Optical Sensors

Wang

Yiu

et al. 2021

Advanced Optical Materials

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For example, a graphene sensor has been used to detect various gas molecules such as NO 2 . [7] For important healthcare applications, medical devices built with sensors have been used to measure various vital signals such as blood pressure, body temperature, blood glucose, etc. [8] For example, pressure sensors can be used to test the pulse [9] while chemical sensors allowed the measurement of lactate concentration in blood and analysis of sweat composition for the real time physiologic monitoring. [10] Among the various types of sensors mentioned above, stress sensors play an important role in the sensor family. With the rapid development in the Internet of Thing (IoT) and the big data technology [11] in recent years, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly significant, [12] accelerating the progress in robotics and automation. Because of this, stress sensors are more and more significant for the development of robotic science and AI technology, including artificial skin. [13] In addition, stress sensors can also be applied in photonics, for example microbend optical stress sensor is a typical application. With the advantages presented by microbend optical stress sensors, such as their flexibility, sensitivity, low-cost, and reliability, [14] they can be used in extreme environments, [15] which greatly extends the applied range of the stress sensors. Despite recent advancement of the microbend optical sensors, almost no review to account for the achievements and promote the future development in this area of research is found in the literature. In this review, the theoretical principles and the assembly of typical optical stress sensors are presented. Three physical mechanisms of the bend-loss-based optical stress sensors are introduced. As one type of the bend-loss-based optical stress sensor, the progress of microbend optical sensors for applications in various areas is discussed. The optical stress sensors have already shown potential in a broader spectrum of applications, from healthcare to robotic science. We anticipate that optical stress sensors, in particular microbend optical sensors, will continue to attract attention of researchers globally. This review provides a comprehensive information pack for the community to advance the future development in optical stress sensor. Optical Stress SensorsStress sensors are designed to sense changes in pressure. Traditional stress sensors detect the stress via the Optical stress sensors have been considered to be amongst the most important categories in the development of stress sensors. Recently, the advancement of microbend optical sensors has been playing a pivotal role in the stress sensor development. In this review, the principles and the architectures of the optical stress sensors are reviewed, and the physical mechanisms of the bend-loss-based optical stress sensors are presented. The latest development and applications of microbend optical sensors in key areas are discussed. The authors aim to provide some guidance in the optical sen...

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Spatio-Temporal Evolution of Ground Displacement of the Tena Landslide (Spain)

Tuấn

Saillard

Darrozes

et al. 2013

Landslide Science and Practice

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Microbend Resolution Enhancing Technique for Fiber Optic Based Sensing and Monitoring of Landslides

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Recent Phenomenal and Investigational Subsurface Landslide Monitoring Techniques: A Mixed Review

Recent Phenomenal and Investigational Subsurface Landslide Monitoring Techniques: A Mixed Review

The Principle and Architectures of Optical Stress Sensors and the Progress on the Development of Microbend Optical Sensors

Spatio-Temporal Evolution of Ground Displacement of the Tena Landslide (Spain)

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