Microbial biofilms associated with biliary stent clogging

Guaglianone, Emilio; Cardines, Rita; Vuotto, Claudia; Rosa, Roberta; Babini, Valentina; Mastrantonio, Paola; Donelli, Gianfranco

doi:10.1111/j.1574-695x.2010.00686.x

Cited by 53 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…We think that this was due to the rough and uneven surface of e-PTFE which may create niches on which sludge can accumulate. Previous studies have suggested that the degree of surface smoothness is related to development of biofilm [20]. However, in this study, no stent occlusion by sludge clogging during bile exposure was observed in any of the metallic stents for at least 6 months.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

The Biodurability of Covering Materials for Metallic Stents in a Bile Flow Phantom

et al. 2011

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

The Biodurability of Covering Materials for Metallic Stents in a Bile Flow Phantom

et al. 2011

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“…Finally, prosthetic devices can host biofilms that cause chronic infections and other symptoms (1,2). In particular, biliary stents regularly clog due to slime made up of cholesterol and multispecies biofilms that include P. aeruginosa (50). We found that biofilm streamers develop on bare-metal stents within 12 h after inoculation, and span the gaps in the wire mesh (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Biofilm streamers cause catastrophic disruption of flow with consequences for environmental and medical systems

Drescher

Shen

Bassler

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

314

396

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Biofilms are antibiotic-resistant, sessile bacterial communities that occupy most moist surfaces on Earth and cause chronic and medical device-associated infections. Despite their importance, basic information about biofilm dynamics in common ecological environments is lacking. Here, we demonstrate that flow through soil-like porous materials, industrial filters, and medical stents dramatically modifies the morphology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms to form 3D streamers, which, over time, bridge the spaces between obstacles and corners in nonuniform environments. We discovered that accumulation of surface-attached biofilm has little effect on flow through such environments, whereas biofilm streamers cause sudden and rapid clogging. We demonstrate that flow-induced shedding of extracellular matrix from surface-attached biofilms generates a sievelike network that captures cells and other biomass, which add to the existing network, causing exponentially fast clogging independent of growth. These results suggest that biofilm streamers are ubiquitous in nature and strongly affect flow through porous materials in environmental, industrial, and medical systems.bioclogging | biofouling | porous media I n the laboratory, bacteria are usually grown as planktonic cells in shaken suspensions, which differs dramatically from the natural environments of most microbes. In their natural habitats, bacteria often live in biofilms (1-3), which are tightly packed, surface-associated assemblies of bacteria that are bound together by extracellular polymeric substances (4, 5). Although biofilms are desirable in waste-water treatment (6), biofilms primarily cause undesirable effects such as chronic infections or clogging of industrial flow systems (1-3). Cells in biofilms display many behavioral differences from planktonic cells, such as a 1,000-fold increase in tolerance to antibiotics (7,8), an altered transcriptome (9-11), and spatially heterogeneous metabolic activity (12, 13). Some of these physiological peculiarities of biofilm-dwelling cells may be due to strong gradients of nutrients and metabolites, which also affect biofilm morphology and composition (14, 15). However, little is known about how physical aspects of the environment affect biofilm dynamics.The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa has become a model organism for biofilm studies largely because it forms biofilms in diverse habitats, including soil, rivers, sewage, and medical devices in humans (1, 2, 16). Two features are common to all of these environments: First, the presence of rough surfaces, which at the microscopic level reduce to surfaces with many corners, and second, a pressure-driven flow. The standard assay for growing biofilms in the laboratory abstracts from these realistic environments by typically using a smooth surface as a substrate, and either no flow or a pump to force nutritious medium across the biofilm at a constant flow rate (17-19). These standard assays have enabled the identification of several genes involved in biofilm develo...

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“…Among 19 anaerobes recovered from 16 stents were Clostridium perfringens , C. bifermentans and B. fragilis . Twenty-eight obstructed biliary stents explanted from patients after a mean dwell time of 164 days were examined by conventional anaerobic culture, and the central areas of the obstructing sludge underwent DNA extraction and PCR-based identifi cation ribosomal RNA amplifi cation and sequencing (Guaglianone et al 2010 ). Five species were identifi ed on the basis of PCR analysis: Atopobium rimae , Bifi dobacterium breve , Bilophila wadsworthia , Mogibacterium diversum , and Peptostreptococcus stomatis .…”

Section: Biofi Lm Studies Of Anaerobic Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm Formation by Clinical Isolates and Its Relevance to Clinical Infections

Akers

Cardile

Wenke

et al. 2014

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Reports of biofilms have increased exponentially in the scientific literature over the past two decades, yet the vast majority of these are basic science investigations with limited clinical relevance. Biofilm studies involving clinical isolates are most often surveys of isolate collections, but suffer from lack of standardization in methodologies for producing and assessing biofilms. In contrast, more informative clinical studies correlating biofilm formation to patient data have infrequently been reported. In this chapter, biofilm surveys of clinical isolates of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, mycobacteria, and Candida are reviewed, as well as those pertaining to the unique situation of cystic fibrosis. In addition, the influence of host components on in vitro biofilm formation, as well as published studies documenting the clinical impact of biofilms in human infections, are presented.

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Microbial biofilms associated with biliary stent clogging

Cited by 53 publications

References 40 publications

The Biodurability of Covering Materials for Metallic Stents in a Bile Flow Phantom

The Biodurability of Covering Materials for Metallic Stents in a Bile Flow Phantom

Biofilm streamers cause catastrophic disruption of flow with consequences for environmental and medical systems

Biofilm Formation by Clinical Isolates and Its Relevance to Clinical Infections

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