Microbial biomass growth, following incorporation of biochars produced at 350 °C or 700 °C, in a silty-clay loam soil of high and low pH

Luo, Yu; Durenkamp, Mark; Nobili, Maria De; Lin, Qimei; Devonshire, B. Jean; Brookes, Philip C.

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.10.033

Cited by 265 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In contrast, biochar exerts a suppressing effect on the microbial biomass ( contents in the soils unamended or amended with low rates oforganic fertilizers, which is attenuated with increasing the amendment rateo Most studies in the Iiterature report positive effects ofbiochar on microbial biomass ( contents in soils amended with biochar, mainly due to increased availability of labile organic substrates and micronutrients and provision of a favorable habitat for microbial growth (Lehmann et al, 2011;Luo et al, 2013 addition could be attributed to the sorption of organic substrates and key enzymes for organic matter decomposition on the biochar surface, resulting in a decreased e availability for microorganisms, negative effects of increased pH on fungal growth and biomass (Rousk et al, 2009), and incorporation oftoxic compounds. Our results suggest that the mechanisms by which biochar may decrease microbial biomass growth can be counterbalanced by the stimulating effect of increasing the addition ofdecomposable organic substrates with organic fertilizers.…”

Section: Soil (Fraetionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon dioxide emissions from semi-arid soils amended with biochar alone or combined with mineral and organic fertilizers

Fernández

Nieto

López‐de‐Sá

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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Semi-arid soils cover a significant area ofEarth's land surface and typically contain large amounts of inorganic C. Determining the effects ofbiochar additions on e0 2 emissions fram semi-arid soils is therefore essential for evaluating the potential ofbiochar as aclimate change mitigation strategy. Here, we measured the e0 2 that evolved fram semi-arid calcareous soils amended with biochar at rates of Oand 20 t ha-1 in a full factorial combination with three different fertilizers (mineral fertilizer, municipal solid waste compost, and sewage sludgel applied at four rates (equivalent to O, 75, 150, and 225 kg potentially available N ha-1 1during 182 days of aerabic incubation. A double exponential mode!, which describes cumulative e0 2 emissions fram two active soil e compartments with different turnover rates (one relatively stable and the other more labile l, was found to fit very well all the experimental datasets. In genera!, the organic fertilizers increased the size and decomposition rate of the stable and labile soil e pools. In contrast, biochar addition had no effects on any of the double exponential model parameters and did not interact with the effects ascribed to the type and rate of fertilizer. After 182 days of incubation, soil organic and microbial biomass e contents tended to increase with increasing the application rates of organic fertilizer, especially of compost, whereas increasing the rate of mineral fertilizer tended to suppress microbial biomass. Biochar was found to increase both organic and inorganic e contents in soil and not to interact with the effects oftype and rate of fertilizer on efractions. As a whole, our results suggest that the use of biochar as enhancer of semi-arid soils, either alone or combined with mineral and organic fertilizers, is unlikely to increase abiotic and biotic soil e0 2 emissions.

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Section: Soil (Fraetionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon dioxide emissions from semi-arid soils amended with biochar alone or combined with mineral and organic fertilizers

Fernández

Nieto

López‐de‐Sá

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Unfortunately, the EC soil property interactions are not easily identified, since the magnitude of the reactions regulating soil EC levels is complex and dynamic. Thus, it is important to investigate the changes on EC in soils treated with different organic materials, because EC reflects the sum of salts and ions in the soil solution, the levels of which are regulated by the type, composition and amount of organic materials added to the soil [18,35,37]. This study's findings indicated that organic materials applied to the soil caused no significant increase in the contents of nitrogen and carbon, which are key nutrients for soil microorganisms (Table 3).…”

Section: Soil Properties Before and After 2 Years Of Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the results of studies on the microbial response to the presence of biochar in the soil are often ambiguous and inconsistent. Bruun et al [7] and Luo et al [37] proved that thermally unconverted poultry litter and poultry litter biochar added to the soil causes an increase in microbial biomass. The authors believed that this results from the introduction into the soil of labile carbon compounds with these materials.…”

Section: Effects Of Poultry Litter Biochar On Soil Microbial Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was shown that biochar applied to the soil increases the activity of soil microorganisms and activates dormant microorganisms. This, in turn, leads to an increase in soil respiration activity [46] which may result from biotic consumption of nutrients introduced with an organic material [55], abiotic sorption of CO 2 , or interaction between biochar and soil organic matter [37]. As stated by Steinbeiss et al [36,48], biochar applied to the soil may create perfect habitat for microorganisms, because the high surface area and porosity of biochar enable it to adsorb or retain nutrients and water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of Poultry Litter and Poultry Litter Biochar on Soil Microbial Respiration and Nitrifying Bacteria Activity

Mierzwa–Hersztek

Klimkowicz‐Pawlas

Gondek

2017

Waste Biomass Valor

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treatment with mineral fertilisation applied (MF), by 59 and 77%, respectively. The significantly highest basal respiration value was determined in soil with 5 t DM ha −1 biochar. The application of poultry litter had significant effect on nitrifying bacteria activity (increase by 50%). Poultry litter biochar added to the soil in both doses contributed to an increase in nitrifying bacteria activity by 36 and 34%, respectively compared to MF treatment. Biochar had more adverse effect on soil microbial biomass and nitrifying bacteria activity than non-converted poultry litter, but it had significant effect on soil respiration activity. AbstractThe application of organic materials, such as poultry litter or poultry litter biochar, may lead to major changes in the structural and functional diversity of microbial populations. The understanding of the relationship between microorganisms and environment is crucial to assess the effect of organic materials on soil. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the influence of the addition of poultry litter (5 t DM ha −1 ) and poultry litter biochar in doses of 2.25 t and 5 t DM ha −1 on soil respiration activity, microbial biomass, and nitrifying bacteria activity. In soils with poultry litter biochar added in 2.25 t and 5 t DM ha −1 doses, microbial biomass was significantly higher than in * M. Mierzwa-Hersztek

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“…The accelerated urea hydrolysis can be explained by the following two reasons: i) Increased urease activity. The enhanced urease activity in the presence of biochar is presumably caused by a combination of different mechanisms: a) biochar provides energy-rich organic compounds (Luo et al 2013;Singh and Cowie 2014) and microbial habitat that promote the growth of microorganisms resulting in the production of microbial urease (Zantua and Bremner 1977); and b) urease activity is optimum under slightly alkaline conditions (Dharmakeerthi and Thenabadu 2013), and biochar is a known liming agent; ii) Soil pH corresponds well to urea hydrolysis rate and nitrification processes (Gao and Cai 2015). This is consistent with the authors' result that the urea hydrolysis rate increased with enhanced biochar pH value (Table 3).…”

Section: Effect Of Biochar On Soil Microbial Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maize Stover Biochar Accelerated Urea Hydrolysis and Short-term Nitrogen Turnover in Soil

Liu¹,

He²,

Lan³

et al. 2017

BioResources

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A soil incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of biochar application (2% w/w) on urea hydrolysis and inorganic nitrogen accumulation. Fresh biochars were produced from maize stover that was pyrolyzed at 300 °C, 500 °C, and 700 °C. Then the matured biochars were obtained via a 50 days maturing process. Biochar prepared at 700 °C strongly accelerated the urea hydrolysis and increased soil pH. Fresh biochar, especially when pyrolyzed at low temperature, contained a relatively high concentration of labile carbon and 43% to 64% could be oxidized within 40 days of maturing incubation. The labile carbon in fresh biochars led to microbes thriving and resulted in an accelerated shortterm nitrogen (N) turnover, i.e., at an early stage of incubation, fresh biochar increased mineralization of soil organic N by 79 mg·kg −1 to 449 mg·kg −1 . However, a reduction of soil available N contents induced by microbial immobilization effect was observed at the end of incubation. The authors concluded that aged biochar was suitable for simultaneous soil amendment with urea rather than newly produced biochar. This is because aged biochar can avoid high soil available N accumulation; thus it can decrease the risk of inorganic N leaching loss.

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Microbial biomass growth, following incorporation of biochars produced at 350 °C or 700 °C, in a silty-clay loam soil of high and low pH

Cited by 265 publications

References 38 publications

Carbon dioxide emissions from semi-arid soils amended with biochar alone or combined with mineral and organic fertilizers

Carbon dioxide emissions from semi-arid soils amended with biochar alone or combined with mineral and organic fertilizers

Influence of Poultry Litter and Poultry Litter Biochar on Soil Microbial Respiration and Nitrifying Bacteria Activity

Maize Stover Biochar Accelerated Urea Hydrolysis and Short-term Nitrogen Turnover in Soil

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