Microbial Bioremediation of Petroleum Contamination in the Niger Delta: Assessing the Role of Indigenous Microbial Communities and Potential for Sustainable Restoration

Abstract

This chapter addresses the growing petroleum contamination in Nigeria’s Niger Delta, a consequence of prolonged oil and gas activities. These have harmed the environment, local biodiversity, and public health. Microbial bioremediation, especially using indigenous microbes, stands out as an eco-friendly solution for restoring the environment. We studied the magnitude and consequences of this contamination, detailing its environmental, health, and ecological effects. We then discussed microbial bioremediation, underlining the pivotal role of native microbial communities in neutralising petroleum pollutants. Through global case studies, we spotlighted successful bioremediation efforts and potential takeaways for the Niger Delta. We delved into applicable technologies and methods, from conventional to avant-garde techniques backed by multiomics data. Yet, applying these techniques faces hurdles. We outlined technological, economic, policy, and socio-cultural barriers to bioremediation’s broad acceptance in the Niger Delta. Future directions advocate sustainable restoration strategies, emphasising the joint responsibility of multiple stakeholders. Given the severity of environmental threats, further bioremediation research is vital. Ultimately, this chapter champions microbial bioremediation’s potential for sustainable environmental stewardship in the Niger Delta, enriching the broader dialogue on its environmental application.