Microbial Biotransformation of Dexamethasone by Bacillus Subtilis (ATCC 6051)

Pervaiz, Irfan; Ahmad, Saeed; Mukhtar, Muhammad Fahad; Arshad, Adeel; Imran, Muhammad; Mahmood, Wajahat

doi:10.1007/s11094-015-1294-9

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The same strain was also used for microbial biotransformation of a synthetic glucocorticoid named dexamethasone, yielding three metabolites including 6-hydroxydexamethasone, 17-oxodexamethasone, and 6-hydroxy-17-oxodexamethasone. It may be used as an in vitro model to understand the metabolism of similar glucocorticoids (Pervaiz et al, 2015). Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051 was previously reported to have a weak capacity to produce GABA (2.69 mg/g after 96-h fermentation) with solid state fermentation (Limón et al, 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient process for co-production of γ-aminobutyric acid and probiotic Bacillus subtilis cells

Wang

Huang

Sun

et al. 2018

Food Sci Biotechnol

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This study was to establish an integrated process for the co-production of c-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and live probiotics. Six probiotic bacteria were screened and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051 showed the highest GABAproducing capacity. The optimal temperature and initial pH value for GABA production in B. subtilis were found to be 30°C and 8.0, respectively. A variety of carbon and nitrogen sources were tested, and potato starch and peptone were the preferred carbon and nitrogen sources for GABA production, respectively. The concentrations of carbon source, nitrogen source and substrate (sodium L-glutamate) were then optimized using the response surface methodology. The GABA titer and concentration of viable cells of B. subtilis reached 19.74 g/L and 6.0 9 10 8 cfu/mL at 120 h. The GABA titer represents the highest production of GABA in B. subtilis. This work thus demonstrates a highly efficient co-production process for GABA and probiotic B. subtilis cells.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient process for co-production of γ-aminobutyric acid and probiotic Bacillus subtilis cells

Wang

Huang

Sun

et al. 2018

Food Sci Biotechnol

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“…The major urinary metabolite in humans is 6β-hydroxydexamethasone [53,54]. Other dominant metabolites of DEXA from the human liver, based on in vitro and in vivo analyses, includes 6α-hydroxydexamethasone, 6-hydroxy-9α-fluoro-androsta-1,4-diene-11βhydroxy-16α-methyl-3,17-dione (6-hydroxy-9α-F-A), and 9α fluoro-androsta-1,4-diene-11β-hydroxy-16α-methyl-3,17-dione (9a-F-A) [53][54][55]. Dumasia et al [56] investigated the biotransformation of DEXA in castrated male horses, with the key metabolites identified as 6-hydroxydexamethasone, together with 17-oxo-dexamethasone, 20-dihydrodexamethasone, 6-hydroxy-17-oxodexamethasone, and 11-dehydrodexamethasone.…”

Section: Sources Of Dexa and Its Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the nature of the TPs formed is dependent on whether the bacteria are consortia or pure cultures. For instance, Pervaiz et al [55] demonstrated the formation of variant TPs of DEXA, including dexamethasone-21-oic acid 17-oxodexamethasone, 6β-hydroxydexamethasone, and 16,17-unsaturated dexamethasone, under a consortium of bacteria (see Figure 1). However, pure cultures of Bacillus subtilis produced three major metabolites, namely, 6hydroxydexamethasone, 17-oxodexamethasone, and 6-hydroxy-17-oxodexamethasone, distinctive from those formed by bacteria consortia.…”

Section: Presence Of Dexa In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, Fate, Effects, and Risks of Dexamethasone: Ecological Implications Post-COVID-19

Musee

Kebaabetswe

Tichapondwa

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The recent outbreak of respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has led to the widespread use of therapeutics, including dexamethasone (DEXA). DEXA, a synthetic glucocorticoid, is among the widely administered drugs used to treat hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The global COVID-19 surge in infections, consequent increasing hospitalizations, and other DEXA applications have raised concerns on eminent adverse ecological implications to aquatic ecosystems. Here, we aim to summarize published studies on DEXA occurrence, fate, and effects on organisms in natural and engineered systems as, pre-COVID, the drug has been identified as an emerging environmental contaminant. The results demonstrated a significant reduction of DEXA in wastewater treatment plants, with a small portion, including its transformation products (TPs), being released into downstream waters. Fish and crustaceans are the most susceptible species to DEXA exposure in the parts-per-billion range, suggesting potential deleterious ecological effects. However, there are data deficits on the implications of DEXA to marine and estuarine systems and wildlife. To improve DEXA management, toxicological outcomes of DEXA and formed TPs should entail long-term studies from whole organisms to molecular effects in actual environmental matrices and at realistic exposure concentrations. This can aid in striking a fine balance of saving human lives and protecting ecological integrity.

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Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria and Fungi Associated with Agarwood Fermentation

Islam

Chakraborty²,

Banu³

2022

Curr Microbiol

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Microbial Biotransformation of Dexamethasone by Bacillus Subtilis (ATCC 6051)

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

An efficient process for co-production of γ-aminobutyric acid and probiotic Bacillus subtilis cells

An efficient process for co-production of γ-aminobutyric acid and probiotic Bacillus subtilis cells

Occurrence, Fate, Effects, and Risks of Dexamethasone: Ecological Implications Post-COVID-19

Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria and Fungi Associated with Agarwood Fermentation

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