Microbial cellulases – Diversity & biotechnology with reference to mangrove environment: A review

Abstract

Cellulose is an abundant natural biopolymer on earth, found as a major constituent of plant cell wall in lignocellulosic form. Unlike other compounds cellulose is not easily soluble in water hence enzymatic conversion of cellulose has become a key technology for biodegradation of lignocellulosic materials. Microorganisms such as aerobic bacteria, fungi, yeast and actinomycetes produce cellulase that degrade cellulose by hydrolysing the β-1, 4-glycosidic linkages of cellulose. In contrast to aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria lack the ability to effectively penetrate into the cellulosic material which leads to the development of complexed cellulase systems called cellulosome. Among the different environments, the sediments of mangrove forests are suitable for exploring cellulose degrading microorganisms because of continuous input of cellulosic carbon in the form of litter which then acts as a substrate for decomposition by microbe. Understanding the importance of cellulase, the present article overviews the diversity of cellulolytic microbes from different mangrove environments around the world. The molecular mechanism related to cellulase gene regulation, expression and various biotechnological application of cellulase is also discussed.

PRODUCTION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THERMOSTABLE, CRUDE CELLULASE FROM ENTEROBACTER CLOACAE IP8 ISOLATED FROM PLANT LEAF LITTERS OF LAGERSTROEMIA INDICA Linn.

“…Cellulases have wide applications and biotechnological potentials for various industries including chemical, fuel, food, brewery, animal feed, textile and pulp and paper industries (Bhat, 2000;Gilna and Khaleel, 2011;Karnouri et al, 2014;Ladeira et al, 2015). Some industrial processes for which cellulases find useful applications are clarification and liquefaction of fruit and vegetable juices, biopolishing of cotton and other cellulosic fabrics, improvement of nutritional and digestibility of animal feeds and ethanol fuel production (De Carvalho et al, 2008;Gaur and Tiwari, 2015;Behera et al, 2017). Enzyme production is closely controlled in microorganisms and therefore these controls can be carefully exploited to enhance enzyme productivity.…”

Optimization of cellobiohydrolase production and secretome analysis of Trametes villosa LBM 033 suitable for lignocellulosic bioconversion

“…The presence of this enzyme could be related to the regulatory mechanisms of the production of cellulases, which are finely controlled by activation and repression, hence cellulases are known as inducible enzymes. Only in the presence of the substrate these enzymes are induced and repressed when easily utilizable sugars are available (Behera, Sethi, Mishra, Dutta, & Thatoi, 2017). Evidence of inactivation of adsorbed CBH I was presented in recent studies using atomic force microscopy by Igarashi et al (2009;.…”

The study of bacteria cellulases isolated from the soil and possibilities of using different media for the formation of cellulases

“…Augalų likučiai (nukritę lapai, smulkios durpės, šiaudai) turi daug celiuliozės, tai pagerina dirvožemio struktūrą. Mikroorga nizmai pagreitina celiuliozės irimą, o gebėjimas celiuliozę panaudoti kaip energijos ir anglies šal tinį yra vienas iš svarbiausių medžiagų srauto bi osferoje procesų (Behera et al, 2017).…”