Microbial Changes Associated with IBD Mouse Model and Microbiota Transplantation Confers Colitis Symptom in Microbiota Deletion Mice

Abstract

Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and Ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic and relapsing inflammation occurring among the gastrointestinal tract. Available evidence suggests that host microbiome, as well as various components of the mucosal immune system, are implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD though the exact mechanism remains unknown. Advances in DNA sequencing technologies have provided new insights on the function identification of gut microbiota. In this study, we investigated the gut microbiota response to colitis and discussed the underlying mechanisms of this alteration in combination with latest research. The function of altered microbiota was investigated through microbiota transplantation technology.Results Twenty-seven female C57BL/6J mice were fed DSS solution for 5 days and followed by 5 days normal drinking water. D 0 was considered as normal control while d 5 and d 10 were seen as disease progressive phase and recovery phase, respectively. Alpha diversity results showed that the detected microbiota composition differences among 3 phases were not due to the presence and/or absence of rare phylotypes. In IBD mouse model, community richness decreased but diversity did not change significantly. Besides, the strong negative correlation between phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes decreased in IBD mouse model of which maybe one of the dysbiosis signatures. Furthermore, transplanting microbiota of IBD mouse model to antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion mice (Abx-mice) could induce inflammation similar to colitis. The proportion of the Lactobacillus, as well as other less abundant probiotic taxa, significantly increased in recovery phase, revealing the potential of these probiotic in IBD therapy.Conclusions IBD could induce proportional changes of gut microbiota, and these changes are capable of conferring pathogenicity in Abx-mice. This study provides updated comprehensions of the commensal microbiota alteration.Keywords Gut microbiota, dysbiosis, inflammation bowel disease, DSS, microbiota transplantation

Dietary Regulation of the Crosstalk between Gut Microbiome and Immune Response in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

“…This is referred to as dysbiosis, and it can lead to an intestinal disorder, further affecting the absorption of nutrients. Indeed, numerous studies based on patients and murine models have proved the crucial role of the microbiome in IBD, although the issue of whether dysbiosis is causative or consequential in the onset of inflammation remains controversial [ 75 , 76 , 77 ].…”