Microbial Communities and Soil Respiration during Rice Growth in Paddy Fields from Karst and Non-Karst Areas

Abstract

Soil microorganism and their relationships with soil respiration in paddy systems in karst areas (KA) of southern China is important for understanding the mechanisms of greenhouse gas emission reduction. Soils were collected from the tillage layer (0–20 cm) during the rice growing season from KA and non-karst areas (NKA) (red soils) from the Guilin Karst Experimental Site in China. Community structures and inferred functionalities of bacteria and fungi were analyzed using the high-throughput sequencing techniques, FAPROTAX and FUNGuild. A bacterial–fungal co-occurrence network was constructed and soil respiration was measured using dark box-gas chromatography and built their relationships. The results indicated that soil respiration was significantly lower in KA than in NKA. Principal component analysis indicated that bacterial and fungal community structures significantly differed between KA and NKA. The OTU ratio of fungi to bacteria (F/B) was positively correlated with soil respiration (p = 0.044). Further, the key network microorganisms were OTU69 and OTU1133 and OTU1599 in the KA. Soil respiration negatively correlated with Acidobacteria Gp6, dung saprotroph-endophyte-litter saprotroph-undefined saprotroph, aerobic nitrite oxidizers and nitrifier in KA (p < 0.05). Overall, this study demonstrated that soil respiration was reduced when soil microorganisms shifted from bacterial to fungal dominance during the rice growing season in KA.

Stochastic Processes Dominate Soil Microbial Community Assembly during the Restoration of Degraded Karst Forests

“…This shows that the primary and direct factors affecting the composition of soil microbial communities are the physical and chemical features of the soil, while vegetation succession may indirectly affect soil microbial communities through soil properties [54]. Changes in soil conditions, including moisture, texture, and pH, along with the contents of various nutrients, affect soil microbial communities [55]. The physical properties of soil, as a site for the vital metabolism and reproduction of soil microorganisms, directly regulate the conditions for microbial survival, with more than 80% of soil bacteria inhabiting the micropores of soil stabilization aggregates, which provide the most favorable conditions for growth in terms of water and nutrients [56].…”