Microbial Community Analysis of Opalinus Clay Drill Core Samples from the Mont Terri Underground Research Laboratory, Switzerland

Stroes-Gascoyne, S.; Schippers, Axel; Schwyn, B.; Poulain, Sébastien; Sergeant, Claire; Simonoff, M.; Marrec, Claire Le; Altmann, Scott; Nagaoka, Toru; Mauclaire, L.; McKenzie, Jane; Daumas, Sylvie; Vinsot, Agnès; Beaucaire, Catherine; Matray, Jean-Michel

doi:10.1080/01490450601134275

Cited by 89 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In some of these clay formations, microbiological studies were performed to get information about what kind of microorganisms are present, about their viability and activity. Occurrence of viable indigenous microbes, including sulphatereducing bacteria and also some isolated strains belonging to genus Sphingomonas, was evidenced in Opalinus Clay at the Mont Terri Underground Research Laboratory by culture-based methods [5][6]. A multidisciplinary approach was performed to study the microbial diversity in Boom clay formation, a deep-subsurface clay deposit in Mol, Belgium [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Diversity in Bentonites, Engineered Barrier for Deep Geological Disposal of Radioactive Wastes

López-Fernández

Cherkouk²,

Vílchez-Vargas

et al. 2015

Microb Ecol

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The long-term disposal of radioactive wastes in a deep geological repository is the accepted international solution for the treatment and management of these special residues. The microbial community of the selected host rocks and engineered barriers for the deep geological repository may affect the performance and the safety of the radioactive waste disposal. In this work the bacterial population of bentonite formations of Almeria (Spain), selected as reference material for bentonite engineered barriers in the disposal of radioactive wastes, was studied. 16S rRNA gene-based approaches were used to study the bacterial community of the bentonite samples by traditional clone libraries and Illumina-sequencing. By both techniques the bacterial diversity analysis revealed similar results, with phylotypes belonging to 14 different bacterial phyla:

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Diversity in Bentonites, Engineered Barrier for Deep Geological Disposal of Radioactive Wastes

López-Fernández

Cherkouk²,

Vílchez-Vargas

et al. 2015

Microb Ecol

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“…Using a conversion factor of 2 × 10 4 cells/ng of PLFA, CG had approximately 2×10 4 cells/ml (Stroes-Gascoyne et al, 2007). The dominant fatty acids present at this site were even-numbered, saturated fatty acids, specifically C12 (9.8%), C14 (27.1%), C16 (34.3%), and C18 (25.0%) with some unsaturated C18 present (1.3%).…”

Section: Crystal Geyser Compositionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Isolation and characterization of a CO2-tolerant Lactobacillus strain from Crystal Geyser, Utah, U.S.A.

et al. 2015

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When CO 2 is sequestered into the deep subsurface, changes to the subsurface microbial community will occur. Capnophiles, microorganisms that grow in CO 2 -rich environments, are some organisms that may be selected for under the new environmental conditions. To determine whether capnophiles comprise an important part of CO 2 -rich environments, an isolate from Crystal Geyser, Utah, U.S.A., a CO 2 -rich spring considered a carbon sequestration analog, was characterized. The isolate was cultured under varying CO 2 , pH, salinity, and temperature, as well as different carbon substrates and terminal electron acceptors (TEAs) to elucidate growth conditions and metabolic activity. Designated CG-1, the isolate is related (99%) to Lactobacillus casei in 16S rRNA gene identity, growing at PCO 2 between 0 and 1.0 MPa. Growth is inhibited at 2.5 MPa, but stationary phase cultures exposed to this pressure survive beyond 5 days. At 5.0 MPa, survival is at least 24 h. CG-1 grows in neutral pH, 0.25 M NaCl, and between 25 • and 45 • C and consumes glucose, lactose, sucrose, or crude oil, likely performing lactic acid fermentation. Fatty acid profiles between 0.1 and 1.0 MPa suggests decreases in cell size and increases in membrane rigidity. Transmission electron microscopy reveals rod shaped bacteria at 0.1 MPa. At 1.0 MPa, cells are smaller, amorphous, and produce abundant capsular material. Its ability to grow in environments regardless of the presence of CO 2 suggests we have isolated an organism that is more capnotolerant than capnophilic. Results also show that microorganisms are capable of surviving the stressful conditions created by the introduction of CO 2 for sequestration. Furthermore, our ability to culture an environmental isolate indicates that organisms found in CO 2 environments from previous genomic and metagenomics studies are viable, metabolizing, and potentially affecting the surrounding environment.

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“…Particularly, the potential for microbial activity in the immediate vicinity of waste containers in a HLW repository is of interest for the containers' long-term integrity (e.g., Stroes-Gascoyne et al 2007). Microbiological activity in the near-field (which includes the Engineered Barrier System (EBS) and those parts of the host rock in contact with, or near, the EBS whose properties have been affected by the presence of the repository) may result in:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An extensive study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of indigenous microbes and their community size and structure in an Opalinus Clay core (Mauclaire et al 2007;Stroes-Gascoyne et al 2007;Poulain et al 2008). This core was drilled while applying stringent aseptic techniques to avoid or at least severely minimize external contamination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the earlier microbial characterization of Opalinus Clay (Stroes-Gascoyne et al 2007, 2008 suggested that unperturbed Opalinus Clay appeared to contain only a small viable microbial community (that is probably metabolically inactive (i.e., dormant cells and spores), due to water, space and nutrient restrictions), it has not been resolved how old such surviving microorganisms might be. The Opalinus Clay formation was deposited 174 Ma ago, but survival of microbes (in spore or dormant form) beyond 0.6-3 Ma in ancient geological formations has been disputed (e.g., Susina et al 2004;Johnson et al 2007;Takeuchi et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fifteen years of microbiological investigation in Opalinus Clay at the Mont Terri rock laboratory (Switzerland)

et al. 2017

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Microbiological studies related to the geological disposal of radioactive waste have been conducted at the Mont Terri rock laboratory in Opalinus Clay, a potential host rock for a deep geologic repository, since 2002. The metabolic potential of microorganisms and their response to excavation-induced effects have been investigated in undisturbed and disturbed claystone cores and in pore-(borehole) water. Results from nearly 15 years of research at the Mont Terri rock laboratory have shown that microorganisms can potentially affect the environment of a repository by influencing redox conditions, metal corrosion and gas production and consumption under favourable conditions. However, the activity of microorganisms in undisturbed Opalinus Clay is limited by the very low porosity, the low water activity, and the largely recalcitrant nature of organic matter in the claystone formation. The presence of microorganisms in numerous experiments at the Mont Terri rock laboratory has suggested that excavation activities and perturbation of the host rock combined with additional contamination during the installation of experiments in boreholes create favourable conditions for microbial activity by providing increased space, water and substrates. Thus effects resulting from microbial activity might be expected in the proximity of a geological repository i.e., in the excavation damaged zone, the engineered barriers, and first containments (the containers).

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Microbial Community Analysis of Opalinus Clay Drill Core Samples from the Mont Terri Underground Research Laboratory, Switzerland

Cited by 89 publications

References 63 publications

Bacterial Diversity in Bentonites, Engineered Barrier for Deep Geological Disposal of Radioactive Wastes

Bacterial Diversity in Bentonites, Engineered Barrier for Deep Geological Disposal of Radioactive Wastes

Isolation and characterization of a CO2-tolerant Lactobacillus strain from Crystal Geyser, Utah, U.S.A.

Fifteen years of microbiological investigation in Opalinus Clay at the Mont Terri rock laboratory (Switzerland)

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