Microbial community composition and soil metabolism in the coexisting <i>Cordyceps militaris</i> and <i>Ophiocordyceps highlandensis</i>

Xu, Xiaorong; Zhang, Xiaomei; Huang, Zhi‐Zhen; Xu, Yuxiao; Tang, De-Xiang; Zhang, Bing; Zhang, Ketao; Liu, Chaojin; Yu, Hong

doi:10.1002/jobm.202200216

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…On the other hand, the maximum Simpson index was observed in O. indica associated isolates in the year 2019 (0.929), followed by 2016 (0.889) and 2017 (0.667) (Table 3a, b). Furthermore, the Chao-1 index for species richness also showed a similar trend, with the highest richness in the year 2019 (55), followed by 2016 (21) and 2017 (10) in soil isolates. Whereas, in the case of O. indica isolates, the highest richness was governed in the year 2019 (105), followed by 2016 (45) and 2017 (6).…”

Section: Associated Fungi Alpha-diversitymentioning

confidence: 62%

“…It is worth noting that extensive studies have been reported on the associated fungal communities with O. sinensis. However, in recent years, microbial associations with respect to Cordyceps militaris and O. highlandensis have also been studied [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The variation in fungal isolates associated with O. indica and already reported Ophiocordyceps spp. might be presumably due to different geographical origins, distribution, sampling time, and processing methodologies [1,10,18,20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in recent years, microbial associations with respect to Cordyceps militaris and O . highlandensis have also been studied [10]. To the best of our knowledge, no reports have been documented regarding the presence of fungi associated with Ophiocordyceps recorded from the low‐height areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unearthing diverse culturable fungal communities associated with Ophiocordyceps indica sp. nov. from Indian Western Himalaya

Sharma,

Ranout,

Kaur

et al. 2023

J Basic Microbiol

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Fungal communities colonizing Ophiocordyceps spp. plays a crucial ecological role in their natural habitat, contributing to infect the host larvae, and influencing their occurrence. Although associated fungi with the newly described Ophiocordyceps indica, from the Indian Western Himalaya remains unclear. Therefore, we untangled the culturable fungal communities associated with O. indica and soil adhered to it, collected from low‐height areas of Himachal Pradesh, India. The study resulted in the identification of 111 fungal isolates representing 17 families, with maximum fungal isolates (36.03%) within Cordycipitaceae. Interestingly, a total of 24 genera were found associated with O. indica and adhered soil, of which 12 were common, 8 were exclusive to O. indica and 4 were only limited to soil. Additionally, the influence of soil physicochemical parameters on fungal diversity indices revealed a positive correlation with humidity and available nitrogen and a negative correlation with pH and available phosphorus. These findings provide insights into the culturable fungal diversity of O. indica and the soil adhering to it, thus can contribute to the understanding of host‐microbial interactions. Furthermore, these associations can be explored as a source of bioactive metabolites to combat the unending industrial demands.

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Section: Associated Fungi Alpha-diversitymentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unearthing diverse culturable fungal communities associated with Ophiocordyceps indica sp. nov. from Indian Western Himalaya

Sharma,

Ranout,

Kaur

et al. 2023

J Basic Microbiol

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Core microbes in Cordyceps militaris sclerotia and their nitrogen metabolism-related ecological functions

Luo,

Dai,

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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Cordyceps militaris infects insects and forms sclerotia within the insect remains, establishing insect–microbe complexes. Here, C . militaris sclerotia samples from a single location in China over a 5-year period were subjected to high-throughput DNA sequencing, and the core microbes (which were stably enriched in the sclerotia over the 5 years) were identified. Next, seven bacterial strains were isolated from the C. militaris sclerotia, their biochemical characteristics were assessed, and they were co-cultured with C. militaris to study their effects on C. militaris metabolite production and biomass. Furthermore, the effects of NH 4 , NO 3 , and peptone media on C. militaris were compared. The results showed that Rhodococcus , Phyllobacterium , Pseudomonas , Achromobacter , Ensifer , Stenotrophomonas , Sphingobacterium , Variovorax , and Acinetobacter were the core microbes. Although co-culture of C. militaris with the seven bacterial strains isolated from the sclerotia did not directly increase the cordycepin level, they all had NO 3 reduction ability, and four had urea decomposition ability. Meanwhile, C. militaris in NH 4 medium had an increased cordycepin level compared to C. militaris in the other two media. From this, we inferred that bacteria in the sclerotia can convert NO 3 to NH 4 , and then cordycepin is produced using NH 4 , which was confirmed by RNA-seq and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Thus, bacteria in the sclerotia may indirectly affect the C. militaris metabolite production by regulating nitrogen metabolism. In summary, there are stable core microbes in the C. militaris sclerotia, and they may directly and indirectly affect the growth and metabolite production of C. militaris . IMPORTANCE The model Cordyceps species Cordyceps militaris is rich in therapeutic compounds. It has recently been demonstrated that symbiotic microbes in sclerotia affect Cordyceps’ growth, development, and secondary metabolite production. In this study, core microbes were identified based on C. militaris sclerotia samples obtained from the same site over 5 years. Additionally, bacterial strains isolated from C. militaris sclerotia were found to affect metabolite production and nitrogen utilization, based on functional tests. Moreover, based on the bacterial nitrogen metabolism capacity in the sclerotia and its influence on C. militaris metabolite production, we deduced that bacteria in the sclerotia can indirectly affect C. militaris metabolite production by regulating nitrogen metabolism. This is the first report on how bacteria in the sclerotia affect C. militaris metabolite production from the perspective of the nitrogen cycle. The results increase our understanding of microbial functions in C. militaris sclerotia.

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Metagenomic Analysis: Alterations of Soil Microbial Community and Function due to the Disturbance of Collecting Cordyceps sinensis

Chen,

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Soil microorganisms are critical to the occurrence of Cordyceps sinensis (Chinese Cordyceps), a medicinal fungi used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. The over-collection of Chinese Cordyceps has caused vegetation degradation and impacted the sustainable occurrence of Cordyceps. The effects of Chinese Cordyceps collection on soil microorganisms have not been reported. Metagenomic analysis was performed on the soil of collecting and non-collecting areas of production and non-production areas, respectively. C. sinensis collection showed no alteration in alpha-diversity but significantly affected beta-diversity and the community composition of soil microorganisms. In Cordyceps production, Thaumarchaeota and Crenarchaeota were identified as the dominant archaeal phyla. DNA repair, flagellar assembly, propionate metabolism, and sulfur metabolism were affected in archaea, reducing the tolerance of archaea in extreme habitats. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Nitrospirae were identified as the dominant bacterial phyla. The collection of Chinese Cordyceps enhanced the bacterial biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and suppressed ribosome and carbon metabolism pathways in bacteria. A more complex microbial community relationship network in the Chinese Cordyceps production area was found. The changes in the microbial community structure were closely related to C, N, P and enzyme activities. This study clarified soil microbial community composition and function in the Cordyceps production area and established that collection clearly affects the microbial community function by altering microbial community structure. Therefore, it would be important to balance the relationship between cordyceps production and microbiology.

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Microbial community composition and soil metabolism in the coexisting Cordyceps militaris and Ophiocordyceps highlandensis

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

Unearthing diverse culturable fungal communities associated with Ophiocordyceps indica sp. nov. from Indian Western Himalaya

Unearthing diverse culturable fungal communities associated with Ophiocordyceps indica sp. nov. from Indian Western Himalaya

Core microbes in Cordyceps militaris sclerotia and their nitrogen metabolism-related ecological functions

Metagenomic Analysis: Alterations of Soil Microbial Community and Function due to the Disturbance of Collecting Cordyceps sinensis

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