Microbial community profiles of the colon from steers differing in feed efficiency

Myer, Phillip R.; Wells, John W.; Smith, Timothy P. L.; Kuehn, L. A.; Freetly, H. C.

doi:10.1186/s40064-015-1201-6

Cited by 61 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In any case, in accordance with our results, the relative abundance of Prevotella spp. has been shown to be increased in the ruminal liquid of inefficient (high residual feed intake) bulls (McCann et al, 2014) and in the colon from steers showing low feed efficiency traits (Myer et al, 2015c). Regrettably, the reasons behind different efficiency traits in these studies were not ascertained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…However, even though several studies have described the composition of microbiota in the rumen, jejunum, colon and caecum contents of steers or lambs differing in feed efficiency (Myer et al, 2015a(Myer et al, , 2015b(Myer et al, , 2015c(Myer et al, and 2016Santos et al, 2018b), there are scarce studies focused on ileal epimural microbiota of ruminants (Mao et al, 2015). This is surprising, since ileum is involved not only in nutrient absorption but also in the development of immune response (ileal Peyer´s patches, iPP) during early life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early feed restriction of lambs modifies ileal epimural microbiota and affects immunity parameters during the fattening period

Frutos

Andrés

Yáñez-Ruíz

et al. 2018

Animal

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Bacteria firmly attached to the gastrointestinal epithelium during the pre-weaning phase may show a significant impact on nutrient processing, immunity parameters, health and feed efficiency of lambs during post-weaning phases. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the differences in the ileal epimural microbiota (e.g. total bacteria, Prevotella spp., Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp.) of fattening lambs promoted by early feed restriction during the suckling phase trying to elucidate some of the underlying mechanisms behind changes in feed efficiency during the fattening period. A total of 24 Merino lambs (average BW 4.81±0.256 kg) were used, 12 of them (ad libitum, ADL) kept permanently in individual pens with their mothers, whereas the other 12 lambs were separated from their dams for 9 h each day to be exposed to milk restriction (RES). After weaning (BW=15 kg) all the animals were penned individually, offered the same complete pelleted diet (35 g/kg BW per day) and slaughtered at a BW of 27 kg. During the fattening period, reduced gain : feed ratio (0.320 v. 0.261, P<0.001) was observed for the RES group. Moreover, increments of Prevotella spp. were detected in the ileal epimural microbiota of RES lambs (P<0.05). There were also higher numbers of infiltrated lymphocytes (T and B cells) in the ileal lamina propria (P<0.05), a higher M-cell labelling intensity in ileal Peyer's patches domes (P<0.05) and a trend towards a thickening of the submucosa layer when compared with the ADL group (P=0.057). Some other immunological parameters, such as an increased immunoglobulin A (IgA) production (pg IgA/µg total protein) and increments in CD45+ cells were also observed in the ileum of RES group (P<0.05), whereas transforming growth factor β and toll-like receptor gene expression was reduced (P<0.05). In conclusion, early feed restriction during the suckling phase promoted changes in ileal epimural microbiota and several immunity parameters that could be related to differences in feed efficiency traits during the fattening period of Merino lambs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early feed restriction of lambs modifies ileal epimural microbiota and affects immunity parameters during the fattening period

Frutos

Andrés

Yáñez-Ruíz

et al. 2018

Animal

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“…Among the other notable effects was an increase in the sequence abundance for the genus Oscillospira in Eϩ steers after 14 and 28 days of grazing. One previous study has associated colonic Oscillospira presence with lowered ADG in crossbred steers (65). Oscillospira is a genus commonly found in both human and bovine gut microbiota (66,67) and is known to degrade host glycans in multiple species (68), thereby altering glycoprotein homeostasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Beef Cattle Fecal Microbiota to Grazing on Toxic Tall Fescue

Mote

Hill

Skarlupka

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Tall fescue, the predominant southeastern United States cool-season forage grass, frequently becomes infected with an ergot alkaloid-producing toxic endophyte, Epichloë coenophialum. Consumption of endophyte-infected fescue results in fescue toxicosis (FT), a condition that lowers beef cow productivity. Limited data on the influence of ergot alkaloids on rumen fermentation profiles or ruminal bacteria that could degrade the ergot alkaloids are available, but how FT influences the grazing bovine fecal microbiota or what role fecal microbiota might play in FT etiology and associated production losses has yet to be investigated. Here, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples from weaned Angus steers grazing toxic endophyte-infected (Eϩ; n ϭ 6) or nontoxic (Max-Q; n ϭ 6) tall fescue before and 1, 2, 14, and 28 days after pasture assignment. Bacteria in the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla comprised 90% of the Max-Q and Eϩ steer fecal microbiota throughout the trial. Early decreases in the Erysipelotrichaceae family and delayed increases of the Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families were among the major effects of Eϩ grazing. Eϩ also increased abundances within the Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi, and Proteobacteria phyla and the Clostridiaceae family. Multiple operational taxonomic units classified as Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae were correlated negatively with weight gains (lower in Eϩ) and positively with respiration rates (increased by Eϩ). These data provide insights into how Eϩ grazing alters the Angus steer microbiota and the relationship of fecal microbiota dynamics with FT. IMPORTANCE Consumption of Eϩ tall fescue has an estimated annual $1 billion negative impact on the U.S. beef industry, with one driver of these costs being lowered weight gains. As global agricultural demand continues to grow, mitigating production losses resulting from grazing the predominant southeastern United States forage grass is of great value. Our investigation of the effects of Eϩ grazing on the fecal microbiota furthers our understanding of bovine fescue toxicosis in a realworld grazing production setting and provides a starting point for identifying easyto-access fecal bacteria that could serve as potential biomarkers of animal productivity and/or FT severity for tall fescue-grazing livestock.KEYWORDS Epichloë coenophialum, fescue toxicosis, beef cattle, ergot alkaloids, microbiome, tall fescue C ulture-independent next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based microbiota studies (e.g., 16S rRNA gene) in food-producing animals, like ruminants, are on the rise. The influence of the bovine microbiota on host energy status and metabolism has been studied (1-4), and recent NGS studies have linked enteric microbiota shifts to animal Citation Mote RS, Hill NS, Skarlupka JH, Turner ZB, Sanders ZP, Jones DP, Suen G, Filipov NM. 2019. Response of beef cattle fecal microbiota to grazing on toxic tall fescue. Appl Environ

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“…This is similar to findings described in previous reports (11,12,18) and suggests a succession of microorganisms colonizing the GIT that coalesces toward an adult composition. In particular, we observed that the GIT of neonate calves contain several taxa (i.e., Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Ruminococcus) known to be involved in the degradation of fiber and starch (25)(26)(27) and that are commonly identified in adult ruminants (28)(29)(30)(31)(32). These taxa were present as early as 1 week of age, when calves had been exposed only to liquid feeds, including colostrum and milk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Community Dynamics across the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Dairy Calves during Preweaning Development

Dias

Marcondes

Souza

et al. 2018

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Microbial communities play critical roles in the gastrointestinal tracts (GIT) of preruminant calves by influencing performance and health. However, little is known about the establishment of microbial communities in the calf GIT or their dynamics during development. In this study, next-generation sequencing was used to assess changes in the bacterial communities of the rumen, jejunum, cecum, and colon in 26 crossbred calves at four developmental stages (7, 28, 49, and 63 days old). Alpha diversity differed among GIT regions with the lowest diversity and evenness in the jejunum, whereas no changes in alpha diversity were observed across developmental stage. Beta diversity analysis showed both region and age effects, with low numbers of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) shared between regions within a given age group or between ages in a given region. Taxonomic analysis revealed that several taxa coexisted in the rumen, jejunum, cecum, and colon but that their abundances differed considerably by GIT region and age. As calves aged, we observed lower abundances of taxa such as ,, and with higher abundances of and in the rumen. The jejunum also displayed taxonomic changes with increases in and taxa in older calves. In the lower gut, taxa such as, , and decreased and S24-7, , and increased as calves aged. These data support a model whereby early and successive colonization by bacteria occurs across the GIT of calves and provides insights into the temporal dynamics of the GIT microbiota of dairy calves during preweaning development. The gastrointestinal tracts (GIT) of ruminants, such as dairy cows, house complex microbial communities that contribute to their overall health and support their ability to produce milk. For example, the rumen microbiota converts feed into usable nutrients, while the jejunal microbiota provides access to protein. Thus, establishing a properly functioning GIT microbiota in dairy calves is critical to their productivity as adult cows. However, little is known about the establishment, maintenance, and dynamics of the calf GIT microbiota in early life. In this study, we evaluated the bacterial communities in the rumen, jejunum, cecum, and colon in dairy calves across preweaning development and show that they are highly variable early on in life before transitioning to a stable community. Understanding the dairy calf GIT microbiota has implications for ensuring proper health during early life and will aid in efforts to develop strategies for improving downstream production.

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Microbial community profiles of the colon from steers differing in feed efficiency

Cited by 61 publications

References 53 publications

Early feed restriction of lambs modifies ileal epimural microbiota and affects immunity parameters during the fattening period

Early feed restriction of lambs modifies ileal epimural microbiota and affects immunity parameters during the fattening period

Response of Beef Cattle Fecal Microbiota to Grazing on Toxic Tall Fescue

Bacterial Community Dynamics across the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Dairy Calves during Preweaning Development

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