Microbial contamination and purification of bivalve shellfish: Crucial aspects in monitoring and future perspectives – A mini-review

Evaluación de las concentraciones de <i>Escherichia coli</i> en <i>Crassostrea gigas</i> y agua de mar en dos zonas de cultivo de ostras ubicadas en el Golfo de Nicoya, Costa Rica

“…In the Punta Morales growing area this bacterium was found more frequently in the seawater samples (83%) than in the oyster samples (25%). The geometric mean and the 90th Reference: Oliveira et al (2011) percentile of the E. coli concentration in the seawater and oysters for the two growing areas did not exceed the limit of the best sanitary quality classification Se representa la media geométrica (+) más el percentil 90 por tipo de muestra para cada zona de cultivo. Las líneas discontinuas indican las categorías de clasificación (percentil 90) para zonas de producción de moluscos bivalvos (Lee et al 2008;Oliveira et al 2011) category.…”

“…The geometric mean and the 90th Reference: Oliveira et al (2011) percentile of the E. coli concentration in the seawater and oysters for the two growing areas did not exceed the limit of the best sanitary quality classification Se representa la media geométrica (+) más el percentil 90 por tipo de muestra para cada zona de cultivo. Las líneas discontinuas indican las categorías de clasificación (percentil 90) para zonas de producción de moluscos bivalvos (Lee et al 2008;Oliveira et al 2011) category. Therefore, Punta Cuchillo and Punta Morales could be classified, taking into consideration only the bacteriological criteria established in the United States of America (Table 1) and in the European Union (Table 2), as class A or authorized areas for the production of bivalve molluscs (Fig.…”

“…The geometric mean and the 90th percentile of the E. coli concentration was calculated by sample type to classify the growing areas based on the criteria established in the United States of America (Lee et al 2008) and the European Union Oliveira et al 2011) (Tables 1 and 2). These regulations were chosen since both systems are important in terms of international trade and set regulations to be met by countries exporting to these regions (Lee et al 2008).…”

“…According to Halpern et al (2008), there are no marine coastal areas that have not been impacted by human influence. The discharge of wastewater in coastal areas is considered the main cause of degradation of bivalve mollusc growing areas (Oliveira et al 2011). Evaluating bacteriological contamination in these areas is important since bivalve molluscs can accumulate bacteria potentially pathogenic to humans (Lee et al 2008).…”

“…International regulations for the evaluation of the bacteriological quality of bivalve mollusc growing areas are based on the quantification of Escherichia coli as a fecal contamination indicator (Lee et al 2008;Oliveira et al 2011). Recent studies have shown that concentrations of E. coli in bivalve mollusc growing areas depend on, among many other factors, seasonal and climatic conditions of the area (Campos et al 2013b;Derolez et al 2013;Lee & Silk, 2013;Mignani et al 2013).…”