Microbial Cross-Talk: Dissecting the Core Microbiota Associated With Flue-Cured Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Plants Under Healthy and Diseased State

Abstract

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a devastating disease of flue-cured tobacco production which poses significant yield losses all around the world. In this study, we evaluated the rhizosphere microbiome of healthy and bacterial wilt-infected (diseased) flue-cured tobacco plants through amplification of V3-V4 and ITS1-5f variable regions of 16S and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rRNA. The study was based on the location (Qujing, Shilin, and Wenshan), plant components (rhizosphere soil and roots), and sample types (healthy and diseased) to assess the diversity of bacterial and fungal communities. Bacterial and fungal communities present in roots primarily emanated from rhizosphere soil. Healthy flue-cured tobacco plants exhibit high microbial diversity compared to diseased plants. Among three variables, plant components significantly influence the diversity of microbial communities, whereas rhizosphere soil harbors higher microbial diversity than roots. Bacterial phyla Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria were found in high relative abundance in roots and rhizosphere soil samples, respectively. As far as fungi is concerned, a high relative abundance of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota was found in both rhizosphere soil and root. Bacterial genera such as Bacillus, Bradyrhizobium, Ensifer, Neorhizobium, and Lysobacter related to plant growth promotion and disease suppressing abilities were dominant than fungal genera. Analysis of relative abundance at specie-level revealed that most fungal species are pathogenic to flue-cured tobacco and could provide a conducive environment for wilt infection. In conclusion, R. solanacearum significantly influences the microbial diversity of flue-cured tobacco plants and negatively affects the bacterial community composition. Altogether, our study demonstrates the complexity of bacterial and fungal communities that possibly interact with each other (microbe–microbe) and host (host–microbe). This cross-talk could be helpful for healthy flue-cured tobacco plant growth and to induce resistance against bacterial wilt disease.

Different Response Mechanisms of Rhizosphere Microbial Communities in Two Species of Amorphophallus to Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum Infection

“…growth period, and the yield loss caused by severe outbreaks can reach more than 80%. The rhizosphere microbiota is considered the first line of defense against soil pathogen infection and abiotic stress and is closely related to plant health (Ahmed et al, 2022a;Bulgarelli et al, 2013;Mendes et al, 2013). In this study, by 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, we analyzed that different response mechanisms of the rhizosphere microbial communities of A. muelleri and A. konjac to soft rot stress.…”

“…The occurrence of soil-borne diseases is closely related to the imbalance of the soil microecosystem (Kim and Anderson, 2018;Raaijmakers et al, 2009;She et al, 2017), and soil physical and chemical properties, climatic conditions, geographical location, and rhizosphere microbial diversity all play important roles in the occurrence of soil-borne diseases (Ahmed et al, 2022a;Cai et al, 2021). Among them, rhizosphere soil microorganisms have attracted considerable attention in recent years as the most physiologically active part of the rhizosphere soil microecological environment (Xiaolong et al, 2022;Zheng et al, 2022).…”

Plant-Microbe Interaction: Mining the Impact of Native Bacillus amyloliquefaciens WS-10 on Tobacco Bacterial Wilt Disease and Rhizosphere Microbial Communities

“…BS107 ( 48 ), B. amyloliquefaciens KC-1 ( 49 ), and B. amyloliquefaciens Ar10 ( 50 ) suppressed the disease development caused by P. carotovorum in tobacco (blackleg), Chinese cabbage (soft rot), and potato (soft rot) through a mechanism of induced systemic resistance, direct antagonism and colonization in the host plant, and by producing antimicrobial compound (glycolipid), respectively. It is reported that fungal species can provide a conducive environment for bacterial wilt infection ( 51 ), and the incidence of bacterial wilt can reach up to 75% when the disease occurs with the soilborne pathogen Phytophthora nicotianae ( 8 ). Further, correlation analysis revealed that bacterial and fungal genera, including Pectobacterium , Mortierella , and Trichoderma were positively correlated ( P < 0.05) with disease incidence, may enhance the population of Ralstonia , and provide a conducive environment for bacterial wilt pathogen, which results in disease development.…”

Changes in soil fungal communities after onset of wheat yellow mosaic virus disease

“…In recent years, biological control through biological control agents has been recognized as a promising method to reduce the incidence of many field crop diseases (S. Munir et al, 2022 ). For example, Neorhizobium galegae , Lysobacter dokdonensis , and Ensifer adhaerens can prey on bacteria and can be used to control Tobacco bacterial wilt (W. Ahmed et al, 2022 ); P. camelliae-sinensis infection can be used to prevent and treat tea gray blight disease (Q. Wang et al, 2021 ).…”