Microbial degradation at a shallow coastal site: Long-term spectra and rates of exoenzymatic activities in the NE Adriatic Sea

Cell-free extracellular enzymatic activity is linked to seasonal temperature changes: a case study in the Baltic Sea

“…The BGase : LAPase ratio, which has been generally suggested to be indicative of the relative degradation of polysaccharides relative to proteinaceous material, peaked when the highest BGase and LAPase rates were observed (May-June and August-October), just following the diatom/dinoflagellate spring bloom (April-May) and the cyanobacterial summer blooms (July-September). This is agreement with the results obtained in a recent seasonal study in the Adriatic Sea, where BGase prevailed over LAPase associated with phytoplankton blooms (Celussi and Del Negro, 2012). Nevertheless, results from other reports question the validity of the BGase : LPase ratio as an indicator of the relative degradation of polysaccharides relative to proteins.…”

Linking hydrolytic activities to variables influencing a submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating urban wastewater under real operating conditions

“…Glucosidases and proteases are key enzymes for the depolymerization of complex carbohydrate and proteins, the major carbon sources in particulate organic matter of wastewater (Bitton, 2010;Nielsen et al, 1992) and, to the best of the authors' knowledge, negative correlation between these enzyme activities has not been previously reported in WWT systems. Recent studies conducted in rivers, streams and coastal waters have demonstrated the dominance of proteolytic over glycolytic activities in the summer, while the trends are opposed in the spring and autumn (Celussi and Del Negro;Frossard et al, 2012;Sinsabaugh and Shah, 2010;Tiquia, 2011;Wilczek et al, 2005). Several authors concluded that the seasonal variations of hydrolytic patterns were determined by other factors apart from temperature, relating the switching of enzymatic resources from carbohydrate to protein acquisition to the seasonal changes in nutrient input to the ecosystem (Sinsabaugh and Shah, 2010;Tiquia, 2011;Wilczek et al, 2005).…”

Enzymatic biodegradation of high molecular weight polymers in the sediment–water interface in the coastal river estuary

“…A large fraction (about 95%) of biomolecules accumulated in water basins are heterogeneous matrix composed of large polymers of high molecular (HMW > 10 kDa) weight compounds (Caruso, ; Celussi & Del Negro, ; Raghul & Bhat, ), out of which the most representative are proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, starch, pectin, cellulose, chitin, nucleic acids, and lignin (Allison, Chao, Farrara, Hatosy, & Martiny, ; Caruso, ). According to Turley (), the bacteria inhabiting the SWI have been recognized as the major consumers and transformers of these macromolecules.…”