Microbial degradation of chelating agents used in detergents with special reference to nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA)

Egli, Thomas; Bally, Matthias; Uetz, Thomas

doi:10.1007/bf00058831

Cited by 36 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The level of enzyme production, which can be expected to increase with increasing activity, may be responsible for enhanced APCAs degradation. However, below this OUR no significant changes in k biol were observed, although NTA alone can be used as sole carbon source (Egli et al 1990). EDTA (not shown) is not influenced at all.…”

Section: Linking Xenobiotic Elimination To Activated Sludge Activitymentioning

confidence: 85%

Influence of microbial activity on polar xenobiotic degradation in activated sludge systems

Majewsky

Gallé

Zwank

et al. 2010

Water Science and Technology

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The influence of activated sludge quality on the co-metabolic biodegradation of three aminocarboxylic [corrected] acids was investigated for a variety of Luxembourg sewage treatment plants. A combination of biodegradation experiments and respirometric techniques are presented as a reliable approach for the estimation of biokinetics and biological xenobiotic degradation rates that allow for identification of governing parameters such as microbial activity and active biomass. Results showed that biokinetics and degradation rates vary greatly between different plants. The fraction of active biomass on the total suspended solids ranged between 16.9 and 53.7%. Xenobiotic biodegradation rates correlated with microbial activity suggesting a relationship with WWTP performance for carbon and nutrient removal. The biokinetic information can be used to increase the prediction accuracy of xenobiotics removal by individual WWTPs.

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Section: Linking Xenobiotic Elimination To Activated Sludge Activitymentioning

confidence: 85%

Influence of microbial activity on polar xenobiotic degradation in activated sludge systems

Majewsky

Gallé

Zwank

et al. 2010

Water Science and Technology

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“…Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), a common chelating agent and a phosphate substitute in detergent formulations, was by far the most abundant compound detected in the samples. The related species nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), which is increasingly substituted for EDTA because of its greater biodegradability [7], was also present in the samples along with its degradation product, nitrilodiacetic acid (NDA). The concentrations of NTA and NDA were significantly lower than the EDTA concentration, presumably in part due to biological removal during secondary treatment [7].…”

Section: Quantitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The related species nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), which is increasingly substituted for EDTA because of its greater biodegradability [7], was also present in the samples along with its degradation product, nitrilodiacetic acid (NDA). The concentrations of NTA and NDA were significantly lower than the EDTA concentration, presumably in part due to biological removal during secondary treatment [7]. As in previous studies, partially oxidized residues of alkylphenoxy ethoxylates (APEs) were detected [2].…”

Section: Quantitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of organic residues in tertiary effluents by GC/EI-MS, GC/CI-MS and GC/TSQ-MS

Wang

Fujita

Aeschimann

et al. 1996

Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry

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A method was developed for the analysis of non-volatile dissolved organic residues in tertiary treated wastewater effluents. This method involved concentration of samples by rotary evaporation, propylation using propanol/formic acid/acetyl chloride, and separation, detection and quantitation by capillary GC/EI and CI-MS and GC/TSQ-MS analysis. Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) was the most prominent compound found in both granular activated carbon (GAC) and chlorinated GAC effluents (110 and 140 g/L, respectively). Other compounds identified included nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), carboxyalkylphenoxy ethoxy carboxylates, poly(propoxy), poly(ethoxy) or poly(ethoxy)(propoxy) compounds, small aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and aldehydes, all at g/L levels. Approximately 80% of all chromatographically separated compounds were positively or tentatively identified. The identified compounds are estimated to account for approximately 10% of the dissolved organic carbon.

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“…Purified cA or cB (250 ,ug) in 0.5 ml of PBS was mixed with an equal volume of complete Freund's adjuvant and was injected subcutaneously into each of the two rabbits. A secondary injection was done after 4 weeks with 250 ,ug of the proteins but mixed with Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Blood was collected 2 weeks after the second injection, and polyclonal antisera were produced according to general procedures previously described (13).…”

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confidence: 99%

Purification and characterization of a two-component monooxygenase that hydroxylates nitrilotriacetate from "Chelatobacter" strain ATCC 29600

Uetz¹,

Schneider²,

Snozzi³

et al. 1992

J Bacteriol

119

141

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An assay based on the consumption of nitrilotriacetate (NTA) was developed to measure the activity of NTA monooxygenase (NTA-Mo) in cell extracts of "Chelatobacter" strain ATCC 29600 and to purify a functional, NTA-hydroxylating enzyme complex. The complex consisted of two components that easily dissociated during purification and upon dilution. Both components were purified to more than 95% homogeneity, and it was possible to reconstitute the functional, NTA-hydroxylating enzyme complex from pure component A (cA) and component B (cB). cB exhibited NTA-stimulated NADH oxidation but was unable to hydroxylate NTA. It had a native molecular mass of 88 kDa and contained flavin mononucleotide (FMN). cA had a native molecular mass of 99 kDa. No catalytic activity has yet been shown for cA alone. Under unfavorable conditions, NADH oxidation was partly or completely uncoupled from hydroxylation, resulting in the formation of H202.Optimum hydroxylating activity was found to be dependent on the molar ratio of the two components, the absolute concentration of the enzyme complex, and the presence of FMN. Uncoupling of the reaction was favored in the presence of high salt concentrations and in the presence of flavin adenine dinucleotide. The NTA-Mo complex was sensitive to sulfhydryl reagents, but inhibition was reversible by addition of excess dithiothreitol. The Km values for Mg2+-NTA, FMN, and NADH were determined as 0.5 mM, 1.3 ,uM, and 0.35 mM, respectively. Of 26 tested compounds, NTA was the only substrate for NTA-Mo.The complexing agent nitrilotriacetate (NTA) is used for a range of different purposes, and one of its most controversial applications is that as a substitute for sodium triphosphate in laundry detergents (28). Many representatives of both obligately aerobic and facultatively denitrifying microorganisms which can use NTA as a sole source of nitrogen, carbon and energy have been isolated. The majority of such isolates are gram-negative, obligately aerobic rods (1,5,10,14,29) which previously have been identified as Pseudomonas spp. Recently, it has been shown that these isolates belong to a new genus for which the name "Chelatobacter" has been proposed (6).The biochemical pathway for NTA degradation was first investigated in the two virtually identical "Chelatobacter" isolates T23 (1) and ATCC 29600 (9). In both strains, a monooxygenase was reported to be responsible for the oxidative conversion of NTA (24,25). In this paper, the characterization of the NTA-Mo in cell extracts, as well as the purification, reconstitution, and characterization of a functional twocomponent NTA-Mo, is reported. MATERIALS AND METHODSGrowth of the microorganism. "Chelatobacter" strain ATCC 29600 was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Md., and was maintained on a synthetic medium containing 1 g of NTA liter-' as described previously (5). In order to avoid excretion of large amounts of ammonia, the strain was grown on a mixture of NTA and acetate (1 g of each liter-') for large-scale growth (100 lit...

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Microbial degradation of chelating agents used in detergents with special reference to nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA)

Cited by 36 publications

References 47 publications

Influence of microbial activity on polar xenobiotic degradation in activated sludge systems

Influence of microbial activity on polar xenobiotic degradation in activated sludge systems

Identification of organic residues in tertiary effluents by GC/EI-MS, GC/CI-MS and GC/TSQ-MS

Purification and characterization of a two-component monooxygenase that hydroxylates nitrilotriacetate from "Chelatobacter" strain ATCC 29600

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