Microbial Degradation of Indole and Its Derivatives

Arora, Pankaj; Sharma, Ashutosh; Bae, Hyeun‐Jong

doi:10.1155/2015/129159

Cited by 52 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Functions of bacterial IAA synthesis have primarily been associated with plant-microbe interactions, although it has been proposed that they also play a role in interaction with animal hosts and molecular signaling between microorganisms (4-6). Not only do bacteria have the ability to synthesize IAA, but a substantial diversity of microorganisms also possess the ability to transform or degrade IAA (7), raising questions about the ecological significance of auxin metabolism and turnover in microorganisms.…”

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confidence: 99%

Biochemical and Genetic Bases of Indole-3-Acetic Acid (Auxin Phytohormone) Degradation by the Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN

Donoso

Leiva-Novoa

Zúñiga

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Several bacteria use the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) as a sole carbon and energy source. A cluster of genes (named iac) encoding IAA degradation has been reported in Pseudomonas putida 1290, but the functions of these genes are not completely understood. The plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN harbors iac gene homologues in its genome, but with a different gene organization and context than those of P. putida 1290. The iac gene functions enable P. phytofirmans to use IAA as a sole carbon and energy source. Employing a heterologous expression system approach, P. phytofirmans iac genes with previously undescribed functions were associated with specific biochemical steps. In addition, two uncharacterized genes, previously unreported in P. putida and found to be related to major facilitator and tautomerase superfamilies, are involved in removal of an IAA metabolite called dioxindole-3-acetate. Similar to the case in strain 1290, IAA degradation proceeds through catechol as intermediate, which is subsequently degraded by ortho-ring cleavage. A putative two-component regulatory system and a LysR-type regulator, which apparently respond to IAA and dioxindole-3-acetate, respectively, are involved in iac gene regulation in P. phytofirmans. These results provide new insights about unknown gene functions and complex regulatory mechanisms in IAA bacterial catabolism.IMPORTANCE This study describes indole-3-acetic acid (auxin phytohormone) degradation in the well-known betaproteobacterium P. phytofirmans PsJN and comprises a complete description of genes, some of them with previously unreported functions, and the general basis of their gene regulation. This work contributes to the understanding of how beneficial bacteria interact with plants, helping them to grow and/or to resist environmental stresses, through a complex set of molecular signals, in this case through degradation of a highly relevant plant hormone.KEYWORDS indole-3-acetic acid catabolism, iac genes, Paraburkholderia phytofirmans, plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria I ndole-3-acetic acid (IAA) belongs to a class of plant hormones called auxins, which play a key role in plant growth and development, controlling cell division, elongation, differentiation, and tropism responses to gravity and light (1, 2). A crucial characteristic of auxin-mediated effects is related to the differential distribution of auxin in tissues (2); therefore, plants tightly control IAA levels through biosynthesis, conjugation, degradation, and intercellular transport (3). Aside from auxin being an essential molecule for

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confidence: 99%

Biochemical and Genetic Bases of Indole-3-Acetic Acid (Auxin Phytohormone) Degradation by the Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN

Donoso

Leiva-Novoa

Zúñiga

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Microbial degradation of indole was investigated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions by several bacteria and fungi [13]. Aerobic indole degradation was generally initiated by oxidation of indole followed by heterocyclic ring cleavage [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aerobic indole degradation was generally initiated by oxidation of indole followed by heterocyclic ring cleavage [13]. Claus and Kutzner [19] reported that Alcaligenes sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since anaerobic metabolite catechol in indole metabolism was not detected in both strains (Figs. 4, 5), the current indole utilization pathway is different from the catechol pathway [13] and probably occurs via the gentisate pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although several reports are available on indole degradation/transformation by bacteria (aerobic and anaerobic) and by bacterial consortia [13], little information is available on aerobic metabolism by isolates that utilize indole a sole carbon and energy source. Therefore, in the present study, we focused on the isolation of bacteria with the ability to utilize indole as the sole energy source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation of Indole Utilizing Bacteria Arthrobacter sp. and Alcaligenes sp. From Livestock Waste

et al. 2016

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Indole is an interspecies and interkingdom signaling molecule widespread in different environmental compartment. Although multifaceted roles of indole in different biological systems have been established, little information is available on the microbial utilization of indole in the context of combating odor emissions from different types of waste. The present study was aimed at identifying novel bacteria capable of utilizing indole as the sole carbon and energy source. From the selective enrichment of swine waste and cattle feces, we identified Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria belonging to the genera Arthrobacter and Alcaligenes. Bacteria belonging to the genus Alcaligenes showed higher rates of indole utilization than Arthrobacter. Indole at 1.0 mM for growth was completely utilized by Alcaligenes sp. in 16 h. Both strains produced two intermediates, anthranilic acid and isatin, during aerobic indole metabolism. These isolates were also able to grow on several indole derivatives. Interestingly, an adaptive response in terms of a decrease in cell size was observed in both strains in the presence of indole. The present study will help to explain the degradation of indole by different bacteria and also the pathways through which it is catabolized. Furthermore, these novel bacterial isolates could be potentially useful for the in situ attenuation of odorant indole and its derivatives emitted from different types of livestock waste.

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Microbial Denitrogenation of Petroleum and its Fractions

2018

Biodesulfurization in Petroleum Refining

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Microbial Degradation of Indole and Its Derivatives

Cited by 52 publications

References 80 publications

Biochemical and Genetic Bases of Indole-3-Acetic Acid (Auxin Phytohormone) Degradation by the Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN

Biochemical and Genetic Bases of Indole-3-Acetic Acid (Auxin Phytohormone) Degradation by the Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN

Isolation of Indole Utilizing Bacteria Arthrobacter sp. and Alcaligenes sp. From Livestock Waste

Microbial Denitrogenation of Petroleum and its Fractions

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