Microbial Degradation of Plant Residues Rapidly Causes Long-Lasting Hypoxia in Soil upon Irrigation and Affects Leaching of Nitrogen and Metals

Siedt, Martin; Teggers, Eva-Maria; Linnemann, Volker; Ottermanns, Richard; Dongen, Joost T. van

doi:10.3390/soilsystems7020062

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This may lead to either nutrient mineralisation or nutrient immobilisation depending on the C/N ratio of the organic fertilizer (Probert et al ., 2005). Further, increased microbiome activity may result in oxygen depletion (Siedt et al ., 2023) and/or production of toxic metabolites (Duke and Dayan, 2011). Thus, the intricate balance between these factors will determine the net effect of the organic fertilizer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertilizer and cultivar affect the barley rhizobiome, while domestication age only affects growth at low nutrient levels

Kindtler,

Sheikh,

Richardy

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Modern plant breeding has provided barley cultivars that produce high yields when supplied with ample amounts of mineral fertilizer. This narrow selection criterion may have reduced key traits facilitating vital microbiome-plant interactions. Here, we investigated the performance of three old and four modern barley cultivars grown at different fertilizer regimes and assessed the root microbiome composition using 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing. The objectives were to investigate: i) nutrient availability effects on nutrient uptake and biomass production and, ii) how domestication age, cultivar, and fertilizer treatment affect the root microbiome. Without fertilizer, old cultivars outperformed modern ones in terms of biomass and had higher leaf concentration of nitrogen, potassium, sulphur, iron, zinc, and copper. This suggests that older barley cultivars retained the ability of their wild ancestor to collaborate with the soil microbiome resulting in improved nutrient acquisition in low-input systems. Interestingly, domestication age did not significantly affect the diversity of the rhizo-microbiome, which was instead dependent on individual cultivar and fertilizer treatment.HighlightOlder barley cultivars outperform the modern ones in terms of biomass at low nutrient availability. However, the rhizo-microbial diversity depended on the individual cultivar and fertilizer regime.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertilizer and cultivar affect the barley rhizobiome, while domestication age only affects growth at low nutrient levels

Kindtler,

Sheikh,

Richardy

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Also, plant susceptibility to biotic stress, such as pectinolytic bacteria (e.g., Pectobacterium carotovorum), can be induced by changes in plant gene expression, e.g., phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and extensions [83]. Since microbial metabolic activity in the soil can lead to root local hypoxia [84], plant pathogenic microorganisms can utilize this and compete for oxygen with their host, facilitating symptom development [80]. In this context, SRP, not only uses the decreased plant defenses [26,83,85,86] but also adapts their gene expression to hypoxic conditions to more effectively induce soft rot disease [25] (Figure 3).…”

Section: Hypoxia Influence On Soft Rot Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Looking for Resistance to Soft Rot Disease of Potatoes Facing Environmental Hypoxia

Maciag,

Kozieł,

Otulak-Kozieł

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Plants are exposed to various stressors, including pathogens, requiring specific environmental conditions to provoke/induce plant disease. This phenomenon is called the “disease triangle” and is directly connected with a particular plant–pathogen interaction. Only a virulent pathogen interacting with a susceptible plant cultivar will lead to disease under specific environmental conditions. This may seem difficult to accomplish, but soft rot Pectobacteriaceae (SRPs) is a group virulent of pathogenic bacteria with a broad host range. Additionally, waterlogging (and, resulting from it, hypoxia), which is becoming a frequent problem in farming, is a favoring condition for this group of pathogens. Waterlogging by itself is an important source of abiotic stress for plants due to lowered gas exchange. Therefore, plants have evolved an ethylene-based system for hypoxia sensing. Plant response is coordinated by hormonal changes which induce metabolic and physiological adjustment to the environmental conditions. Wetland species such as rice (Oryza sativa L.), and bittersweet nightshade (Solanum dulcamara L.) have developed adaptations enabling them to withstand prolonged periods of decreased oxygen availability. On the other hand, potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), although able to sense and response to hypoxia, is sensitive to this environmental stress. This situation is exploited by SRPs which in response to hypoxia induce the production of virulence factors with the use of cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP). Potato tubers in turn reduce their defenses to preserve energy to prevent the negative effects of reactive oxygen species and acidification, making them prone to soft rot disease. To reduce the losses caused by the soft rot disease we need sensitive and reliable methods for the detection of the pathogens, to isolate infected plant material. However, due to the high prevalence of SRPs in the environment, we also need to create new potato varieties more resistant to the disease. To reach that goal, we can look to wild potatoes and other Solanum species for mechanisms of resistance to waterlogging. Potato resistance can also be aided by beneficial microorganisms which can induce the plant’s natural defenses to bacterial infections but also waterlogging. However, most of the known plant-beneficial microorganisms suffer from hypoxia and can be outcompeted by plant pathogens. Therefore, it is important to look for microorganisms that can withstand hypoxia or alleviate its effects on the plant, e.g., by improving soil structure. Therefore, this review aims to present crucial elements of potato response to hypoxia and SRP infection and future outlooks for the prevention of soft rot disease considering the influence of environmental conditions.

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Shift of bacterial and fungal communities upon soil amelioration is driven by carbon degradability of organic amendments

Siedt,

Roß-Nickoll,

Schäffer

et al. 2024

Discov. Soil

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The structural response of bacterial and fungal soil communities to four carbon-rich organic amendments of increasing recalcitrance was investigated. Wheat straw, green compost, a mixed product based on biogas residues, and a fermented biochar were applied to a sandy agricultural soil of low organic carbon content. After laboratory incubation for 6 months, the community structure was investigated via DNA sequencing. All amendments caused changes in the communities of bacteria and fungi, but to different extents, with the communities exposed to more recalcitrant amendments showing the least variation compared to the non-amended soil. Changes in species composition as well as their relative abundances were observed. While the straw had a pronounced effect on bacteria (e.g., the highest number of indicator species), effects of the composted, fermented, or pyrolyzed materials were minor. Hierarchical clustering showed that the fungal communities were more different from each other than the bacterial ones with the straw-soil being most different and the biochar-soil least different from the non-amended soil. While the abundant fungal species in biochar-soil and non-amended soil were very alike, especially rare fungal species shifted upon addition of biochar. An indicator species analysis identified specific taxonomic groups which were triggered by the different organic materials. We conclude that bacterial and fungal communities strongly change upon input of degradable carbon (straw), while fungi in particular respond to the application of processed organic materials. With this study, we report the consequences of applying organic materials for the microbial community in one soil. We provide these data for meta-analyses that are required to unravel all relevant interactions across different soils, organic materials, and time. This will allow to better understand and predict the effects of organic soil amelioration measures on soil microorganisms.

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Microbial Degradation of Plant Residues Rapidly Causes Long-Lasting Hypoxia in Soil upon Irrigation and Affects Leaching of Nitrogen and Metals

Cited by 5 publications

References 41 publications

Fertilizer and cultivar affect the barley rhizobiome, while domestication age only affects growth at low nutrient levels

Fertilizer and cultivar affect the barley rhizobiome, while domestication age only affects growth at low nutrient levels

Looking for Resistance to Soft Rot Disease of Potatoes Facing Environmental Hypoxia

Shift of bacterial and fungal communities upon soil amelioration is driven by carbon degradability of organic amendments

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