Microbial density-dependent viral dynamics and low activity of temperate phages in the activated sludge process

Liu, Ruyin; Zong, Li; Han, Ganghua; Cun, Shujuan; Hou, Deyin; Yu, Zhong‐Zhen; Xue, Kai; Liu, Xinchun

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2023.119709

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…At the genus level, the highest fraction of infected habitat generalists reached 49% of their total abundance (Figure E and S11A, p < 0.05). The high lysogenicity of phageome and bacteriome has also been reported in recent investigations of virome in a wastewater treatment plant . Similar to other habitats under elevated environmental stress, phage community tended to exhibit a broad host range ,, when colonized to the membrane surface facing great hydraulic pressure, along with other environmental stresses.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

“…The high lysogenicity of phageome and bacteriome has also been reported in recent investigations of virome in a wastewater treatment plant. 87 Similar to other habitats under elevated environmental stress, phage community tended to exhibit a broad host range 20,43,44 when colonized to the membrane surface facing great hydraulic pressure, along with other environmental stresses. Bacterium−Phage Interactions Differed between Habitats and Seasons.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced Bacterium–Phage Symbiosis in Attached Microbial Aggregates on a Membrane Surface Facing Elevated Hydraulic Stress

Tan,

Yu,

Huang

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Phages are increasingly recognized for their importance in microbial aggregates, including their influence on microbial ecosystem services and biotechnology applications. However, the adaptive strategies and ecological functions of phages in different aggregates remain largely unexplored. Herein, we used membrane bioreactors to investigate bacterium–phage interactions and related microbial functions within suspended and attached microbial aggregates (SMA vs AMA). SMA and AMA represent distinct microbial habitats where bacterial communities display distinct patterns in terms of dominant species, keystone species, and bacterial networks. However, bacteria and phages in both aggregates exhibited high lysogenicity, with 60% lysogenic phages in the virome and 70% lysogenic metagenome-assembled genomes of bacteria. Moreover, substantial phages exhibited broad host ranges (34% in SMA and 42% in AMA) and closely interacted with habitat generalist species (43% in SMA and 49% in AMA) as adaptive strategies in stressful operation environments. Following a mutualistic pattern, phage-carried auxiliary metabolic genes (pAMGs; 238 types in total) presumably contributed to the bacterial survival and aggregate stability. The SMA-pAMGs were mainly associated with energy metabolism, while the AMA-pAMGs were mainly associated with antioxidant biosynthesis and the synthesis of extracellular polymeric substances, representing habitat-dependent patterns. Overall, this study advanced our understanding of phage adaptive strategies in microbial aggregate habitats and emphasized the importance of bacterium–phage symbiosis in the stability of microbial aggregates.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Bacterium–Phage Symbiosis in Attached Microbial Aggregates on a Membrane Surface Facing Elevated Hydraulic Stress

Tan,

Yu,

Huang

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…A previous study that reconstructed genomes from the metagenome has shown that lysogeny is widespread in microbial communities of the murine gut 21 . However, lysogeny of AS has been rarely documented to date, and only one relevant report is publicly available, revealing the prevalence of lysogeny (up to 61.7%) in the AS system of a laboratory-scale reactor experiencing sludge bulking 22 . Our understanding of lysogeny in full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) remains incomplete; even less is known about the role of lysogeny, especially on large scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-scale genome-centric metagenomics reveals the prevalence of lysogenic virus-host interactions in activated sludge

Zhang,

Li,

Wang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Bacteriophages are the most common organisms in the activated sludge (AS) of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), playing an important role in maintaining or regulating the microbial community. However, lysogenic virus-host interactions in artificial AS systems remain poorly understood. To comprehensively characterize integrated prophages in AS, we reconstructed metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from 44 full-scale WWTPs across five countries. Results showed that lysogenic virus-host interactions were prevalent in AS systems, with > 55% lysogenic MAGs (lysogens), and Proteobacteria (13.8%) and Bacteroidota (12.7%) were the most common lysogenic bacterial phyla. Gene-sharing network analysis revealed that most prophages (~ 99%) could not be categorized into the recognized viral genera, indicating that AS is an untapped source of novel and diverse viruses. The community structure and diversity of lysogens and parasitic prophages in AS systems showed evidently spatial variations, but AS systems from different locations possessed common functional lysogenic microorganisms. In addition, the parasitic prophages detected within lysogens were active and inducible. The active prophages were found to be able to lyse the microorganisms involved in the removal of organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorous. To our best knowledge, this is the first study to reveal the predominance of lysogenic virus-host interactions in AS systems by large-scale genome-centric metagenomics, which enhanced our understanding of the pivotal role of the prophages in the AS microbiome.

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Symbiotic bacteriophages exhibit multiple adaptive strategies in activated sludge flocs and contribute to floc stability

Qi,

Wu,

et al. 2024

Chemical Engineering Journal

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Microbial density-dependent viral dynamics and low activity of temperate phages in the activated sludge process

Cited by 9 publications

References 57 publications

Enhanced Bacterium–Phage Symbiosis in Attached Microbial Aggregates on a Membrane Surface Facing Elevated Hydraulic Stress

Enhanced Bacterium–Phage Symbiosis in Attached Microbial Aggregates on a Membrane Surface Facing Elevated Hydraulic Stress

Large-scale genome-centric metagenomics reveals the prevalence of lysogenic virus-host interactions in activated sludge

Symbiotic bacteriophages exhibit multiple adaptive strategies in activated sludge flocs and contribute to floc stability

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