Microbial Deterioration of Cultural Heritage Materials

McNamara, Christopher; Konkol, Nick R.; Mitchell, Ralph

doi:10.1002/9780470495117.ch6

Environmental Microbiology 2009

DOI: 10.1002/9780470495117.ch6

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Microbial Deterioration of Cultural Heritage Materials

Christopher McNamara

Nick R. Konkol

Ralph Mitchell

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Cited by 2 publications

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“…In contrast, at the Bayon temple, biofilm formation on the sandstone walls is a more serious problem. Various pigmented biofilms are affecting not only the temple’s aesthetic appearance but also the integrity of its materials underneath ( 10 , 27 , 47 ) and the valuable bas-reliefs. Information about the structure of the microbial communities in the biofilms is therefore indispensable for understanding the microbial community involved and also controlling biofilm colonization of the historic bas-reliefs.…”

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Bacterial Communities in Pigmented Biofilms Formed on the Sandstone Bas-Relief Walls of the Bayon Temple, Angkor Thom, Cambodia

et al. 2013

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The Bayon temple in Angkor Thom, Cambodia has shown serious deterioration and is subject to the formation of various pigmented biofilms. Because biofilms are damaging the bas-reliefs, low reliefs engraved on the surface of sandstone, information about the microbial community within them is indispensable to control biofilm colonization. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of biofilm samples from the pigmented sandstone surfaces showed that the bacterial community members in the biofilms differed clearly from those in the air and had low sequence similarity to database sequences. Non-destructive sampling of biofilm revealed novel bacterial groups of predominantly Rubrobacter in salmon pink biofilm, Cyanobacteria in chrome green biofilm, Cyanobacteria and Chloroflexi in signal violet biofilm, Chloroflexi in black gray biofilm, and Deinococcus-Thermus, Cyanobacteria, and Rubrobacter in blue green biofilm. Serial peeling-off of a thick biofilm by layers with adhesive sheets revealed a stratified structure: the blue–green biofilm, around which there was serious deterioration, was very rich in Cyanobacteria near the surface and Chloroflexi in deep layer below. Nitrate ion concentrations were high in the blue–green biofilm. The characteristic distribution of bacteria at different biofilm depths provides valuable information on not only the biofilm formation process but also the sandstone weathering process in the tropics.

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Bacterial Communities in Pigmented Biofilms Formed on the Sandstone Bas-Relief Walls of the Bayon Temple, Angkor Thom, Cambodia

et al. 2013

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New results in Dead Sea Scrolls non-destructive characterisation. Evidence of different parchment manufacture in the fragments from Reed collection

Bicchieri

Sodo

Rabin

et al. 2018

Journal of Cultural Heritage

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Microbial Deterioration of Cultural Heritage Materials

Cited by 2 publications

References 45 publications

Bacterial Communities in Pigmented Biofilms Formed on the Sandstone Bas-Relief Walls of the Bayon Temple, Angkor Thom, Cambodia

Bacterial Communities in Pigmented Biofilms Formed on the Sandstone Bas-Relief Walls of the Bayon Temple, Angkor Thom, Cambodia

New results in Dead Sea Scrolls non-destructive characterisation. Evidence of different parchment manufacture in the fragments from Reed collection

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