Microbial Diversity: Values and Roles in Ecosystems

Abstract

Microorganisms are described as multicultural microscopic organisms, which are cosmopolitan in nature, (i.e. they are widely distributed in air, water, soil, sea, mountains, hot springs and also in bodies of living plants and animals including the human), possessing a diverse array of metabolism. Microbial diversity includes a large collection of organisms. It includes a range of variability in all kinds of microorganisms like fungi, bacteria and viruses in the natural world. Microorganisms serves as the mainstay of life on Earth. Microorganisms represent the richest treasury or part in chemistry and molecular diversity in nature, establishing the basis for ecological processes such as biogeochemical cycles and food chains, also maintaining essential relationships among themselves and with higher organisms. Microbial diversity exploration has been encouraged by the fact that microbes are vital for life since they perform numerous functions essential for the biosphere. Maintaining multiple ecosystems functions and services, inclusively: nutrient cycling, litter decomposition primary production and climate regulation are among the key roles performed by microbial communities. Microbes not only reshaped the oceans and atmosphere but also gave rise to conditions conducive to multicellular organisms. The diversity of microorganisms is important in the maintenance and conservation of global genetic resources.

Growth and production of three wetland rice varieties on saline leached land with microbial consortium application

“…The treatment without microbes reached 135.62 cm in height, while the application with microbe type A 138.57 cm and type C 136.03 cm (Table 3). This difference occurs because microbes can associate with plants and assist in the provision and absorption of nutrients for plants such as inorganic and organic phosphates and produce growth regulators such as auxins and cytokinins [26][27][28][29]. The microbes associate with plants to fix the N2 needed by plants [29].…”

Microbial Biotechnology: A Key Tool for Addressing Climate Change and Food Insecurity

“…The extensive fungal variety, comprising at least 1.5 million species, further emphasizes the abundance of microbial life (Tedersoo et al, 2014). This microbial diversity surpasses that of arthropods and seed plants combined, emphasizing its ecological significance (Onen et al, 2020). Despite the remarkable biodiversity within microbial communities, knowledge tends to be biased toward larger animals, temperate ecosystems, and species relevant to human use.…”

Biotechnological Potential of Microorganisms for Mosquito Population Control and Reduction in Vector Competence

“…Microorganisms constitute a large group of genetically diverse biological entities found in a wide range of terrestrial and aquatic habitats, playing crucial roles in the balance of ecosystems [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Advances in microbiology, molecular biology, and genomics enabled the biotechnological exploration of microbes, allowing the discovery and production of antibiotics [ 4 , 5 ], foods [ 6 , 7 ], alcoholic beverages [ 8 ], bioremediators [ 9 , 10 ], fertilizers [ 11 ], and biopesticides [ 12 , 13 ].…”